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Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement
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“Other studies suggest that trait vengefulness (or the tendency to be unforgiving) is associated with an increase in maladaptive, avoidance-based relationship behaviors (McCullough et al., 1998; McCullough, Worthington, & Rachal, 1997).”
From Gratitude and forgiveness: convergence and divergence on self-report and informant ratings. (2010) · cites this paper as McCullough et al., 1998
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Diagnostik von Ressourcen im Alter
Forstmeier, S., Uhlendorff, H., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie · doi:10.1024/1011-6877.18.4.227 · Cited by 25
Lay perspectives on the costs and risks of forgiving
Strelan, P., Crabb, S., CHAN, D., et al. (2017) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12189 · Cited by 24
“Although definitions proliferate, theorists generally agree that forgiveness consists of intra- and interpersonal processes, in which negative cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and motivations are replaced with positive ones (e.g., McCullough et al., 1998; Worthington, 2001).”
BackgroundWillingness to Falsely Take Blame among Friends: Closeness, Reporting Wrongdoing, and Identity
Willard, J., & Burger, C. (2017) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2017.1343039 · Cited by 22
“For example, among individuals asked to recall an incident in which someone significantly hurt them, higher reports of oneness were related to lower rates of avoidance of the individual, lower revenge seeking, and higher rates of forgiveness (McCullough et al. 1998).”
BackgroundBooth, J. E., Park, T., Zhu, L. L., Beauregard, T. A., Gu, F., & Emery, C. (2018) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000286 · Cited by 23
“Scholarly investigation has suggested that victims who have an affinity for their perpetrators have potential to increase their forgiveness efforts even as transgression intensity increases (e.g., McCullough et al., 1998; Pronk et al., 2010).”
Background"Letting myself go forward past wrongs": How regulatory modes affect self-forgiveness
Pierro, A., Pica, G., Giannini, A. M., Higgins, E. T., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193357 · Cited by 24
Kim, B., Kim, T., & Jung, S.-Y. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10082682 · Cited by 26
“It does not only alleviate the harmful effects of the interpersonal problems but also may function as an opportunity to enhance organizational outcomes such as the quality of relationships, morale, job satisfaction, social capital, well-being, and organizational productivity [26,27].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialXu, X., Liu, J., & Cai, R. (2022) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104615 · Cited by 23
Forgiveness in response to cultural microaggressions
Schoulte, J. C., Schultz, J. M., & ALTMAIER, E. M. (2011) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2011.634266 · Cited by 29
“The three subscales of the TRIM-18 have demonstrated high internal consistency ( 4 0.85) and moderate test–retest stability (r 0.50; McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRelational and social‐cognitive correlates of early adolescents’ forgiveness of parents
Christensen, K. J., Padilla‐Walker, L. M., Busby, D. M., Hardy, S. A., & Day, R. D. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.01.001 · Cited by 23
Ferrara, M., & Levine, T. R. (2009) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463370902881734 · Cited by 23
“Rusbult et al. (1991) and McCullough et al. (1998) suggested several reasons why forgiveness is more likely to occur in close relationships than less close relationships.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, Q., Ting‐Toomey, S., OETZEL, J. G., & Zhang, J. (2015) · Journal of International and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/17513057.2015.1087094 · Cited by 23
“H5 predicted that anger has a negative association, but compassion has a positive association, with reconciliation in the U.S. and China.”
BackgroundInfluentialWill You Defend Your Loved Brand?
Javed, M., Roy, S. K., & Mansoor, B. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137427120_3 · Cited by 28
The effect of apology on forgiveness: Belief in a just world as a moderator
Nudelman, G., & Nadler, A. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.048 · Cited by 26
“McCullough et al. (1997, 1998) proposed that an offender in a close relationship demonstrates a higher willingness to apologize, compared to other types of relationships, which can lead to increased forgiveness.”
BackgroundTrait forgiveness as a predictor of state forgiveness and positive work outcomes after victimization
Stackhouse, M. R. D. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.006 · Cited by 23
RHOADES, G. K., McIntosh, D. N., Wadsworth, M. E., Ahlkvist, J. A., Burwell, R. A., Gudmundsen, G. R., Raviv, T., & Rea, J. G. (2007) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800701195405 · Cited by 22
“Because rumination increases thoughts of revenge, ruminating about interpersonal transgressions has been linked to less forgiveness (McCullough, Rachal, Sandage, Worthington, Brown, & Hight, 1998 ).”
BackgroundReinforcement sensitivity theory, vengeance, and forgiveness
Johnson, J. L., Kim, L. M., Giovannelli, T. S., & Cagle, T. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.018 · Cited by 23
“Forgiveness of others and situations depends upon the context such as the nature of the relationship (cf. McCullough et al., 1998), severity of the offense (Girard & Mullet, 1997), and offender apologies (McCullough, Worthington, & Rachal, 1997).”
BackgroundGrandiose Narcissism and Fairness in Social Exchanges
Brunell, A. B., & Davis, M. S. (2016) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9415-5 · Cited by 28
Proximity under Threat: The Role of Physical Distance in Intergroup Relations
Xiao, Y. J., Wohl, M. J. A., & Bavel, J. J. V. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159792 · Cited by 23
“Then forgiveness was assessed using the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM) [34] scale, which assesses motives of revenge and avoidance (α = .”
BackgroundMethodInfluential‘I’ll Make It Up to You:’ Examining the effect of apologies on forgiveness
Jeter, W. K., & Brannon, L. A. (2017) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2017.1291854 · Cited by 22
“Important to the current research, receiving an apology has been recognized as a key component to the management of conflict (Darby & Schlenker, 1982) and increases the likelihood that an injured party will express forgiveness (Exline & Baumeister, 2000; Luchies, Finkel, McNulty, & Kumashiro, 2010; McCullough et al.,…”
BackgroundYakobov, E., Suso‐Ribera, C., Vrinceanu, T., Adams, H., & Sullivan, M. J. L. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.11.007 · Cited by 22
Grøntvedt, T. V., Kennair, L. E. O., & Bendixen, M. (2020) · Journal of Relationships Research · doi:10.1017/jrr.2020.5 · Cited by 22
“Further, forgiveness is contingent on attribution (Weiner, 1995), and studies indicate that judgment of responsibility and/or blameworthiness, and perceived intentions, seems to influence one ’ s willingness to forgive (McCullough et al., 1998).”
InfluentialForgiveness and attribution: when abusive supervision enhances performance
Yang, J., Liu, Y., Stackhouse, M. R. D., & Wang, W. (2020) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-04-2019-0239 · Cited by 23
Fatfouta, R., Rogoza, R., Brud, P. P., & Rentzsch, K. (2021) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104156 · Cited by 25
“…vignette, participants were asked to rate their revenge motivation toward the trans-gressor, which was measured using the 5-item revenge subscale of the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation questionnaire (TRIM; McCullough et al., 1998; German adaptation: Werner & Appel, 2003).”
A scoping review of psychosocial interventions to reduce internalised shame
Norder, S. J., Visvalingam, S., Norton, P. J., & Norberg, M. M. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2082340 · Cited by 30
Uzun, K., & Karataş, Z. (2023) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968231171200 · Cited by 28
“Positive personality traits are very effective for individuals to have the emotions and thoughts necessary for forgiveness (McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialKunst, M. J. J. (2011) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.08.003 · Cited by 20
Writing wrongs: Promoting forgiveness through expressive writing
Romero, C. (2008) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407508093788 · Cited by 25
“For example, both people involved in the offense may experience anger and hurt, which may motivate them to avoid or seek revenge against each other (McCullough et al., 1998; McCullough,Worthington, & Rachal, 1997).”
BackgroundStrelan, P., McKee, I., & Feather, N. T. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2167 · Cited by 27
Recovering from Other-Customer-Caused Failure: The Effect on Focal Customer Complaining
McQuilken, L., Robertson, N. L., & Polonsky, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2016.1171189 · Cited by 22
Relationship satisfaction and the subjective distance of past relational events
Cortes, K., Leith, S. A., & Wilson, A. E. (2017) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517704721 · Cited by 20
“For instance, ruminating on past negative events predicts negative relational outcomes (e.g., McCullough, 2001; McCullough et al., 1998; Worthington & Wade, 1999), including reduced forgiveness and increased stress.”
BackgroundLet it go: Relationship autonomy predicts pro‐relationship responses to partner transgressions
Hadden, B. W., Baker, Z. G., & Knee, C. R. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12362 · Cited by 22
The Decision to Forgive: Sex, Gender, and the Likelihood to Forgive Partner Transgressions
Sidelinger, R. J., Frisby, B. N., & McMullen, A. L. (2009) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510970902834890 · Cited by 22
“McCullough et al. (1998) and Berry, Worthington, Parrott, O’Connor, and Wade (2001) found no sex differences in the prediction of interpersonal forgiveness, while Macaskill (n.d.) claimed women are more forgiving than men, and Kalbfleisch (1997) found no sex differences in overall forgiveness in a…”
BackgroundInfluentialRoss, R. W. J., Boon, S. D., & Stackhouse, M. R. D. (2017) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2017.1399747 · Cited by 22
“In that study, Wade and Worthington used the revenge and avoidance subscales of the Transgression Related Inventory of Motivations (TRIM; McCullough et al. 1998) to assess levels of unforgiveness in a sample of individuals who varied in whether they had forgiven their offenders.”
MethodInfluentialForgivingness and the paranoid personality style
Sastre, M. T. M., Vinsonneau, G., Chabrol, H., & Mullet, É. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.001 · Cited by 23
“The usual finding is that gender plays a very limited role (McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundLingering guilt and shame: Emotional burdens upon those who intended but failed to apologize
Wang, Y. (2020) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2020.1732857 · Cited by 21
“For harm-doers, apologies remedy damaged relationships by inviting empathy and forgiveness (McCullough et al., 1998), appeasing negative feelings (Scher & Darley, 1997), and lessening blameworthiness (Zechmeister, Garcia, Romero, & Vas, 2004) and punishment severity (Robbennolt, 2003).”
BackgroundHernandez, D. H., Larkin, K. T., & Whited, M. C. (2009) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9076-3 · Cited by 21
“All TRIM scales have documented evidence of reliability and validity ( McCullough et al. 1998 ).”
BackgroundWhy did I say sorry? Apology motives and transgressor perceptions of reconciliation
Mu, F., & Bobocel, D. R. (2019) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2376 · Cited by 24
Instructor misbehavior and student outcomes: Replication and extension in the online classroom
Vallade, J. I., & Kaufmann, R. (2020) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2020.1766389 · Cited by 22
“The Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM; McCullough et al., 1998) was used to operationalize forgiveness and unforgiveness motivations.”
MethodEmpathy Mediates the Relationship Between Motivations After Transgression and Forgiveness
Ma, L., & Jiang, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01466 · Cited by 21
Forgiving the Unforgivable: The Possibility of the ‘Unconditional’ Forgiveness in the Workplace
Faldetta, G. (2021) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-021-04885-2 · Cited by 21
Georgiadou, E. (2023) · Public Relations Review · doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2023.102356 · Cited by 26
Pandey, R., Tiwari, G. K., Pandey, R., Mandal, S. P., Mudgal, S., Parihar, P., Rai, P. K., Tiwari, A. S., & Shukla, M. (2023) · Psychological Thought · doi:10.37708/psyct.v16i2.571 · Cited by 28
Forgiveness in Indian organizations: A revisit of the heartland forgiveness scale
Dahiya, R., & Rangnekar, S. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9879-6 · Cited by 21
Gordon, A. M., & Chen, S. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210384881 · Cited by 21
“, 1991) and forgiving the transgression (e.g., Fincham, Paleari, & Regalia, 2002; McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundGratitude and Forgiveness in Relationships
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398694.013.0029 · Cited by 22
“The influence of all other variables on forgiving is hypothesized “to be relatively small after controlling the indirect effects that they have on forgiving by means of their effects on empathy for the offender” (McCullough et al., 1998, p. 1589).”
BackgroundForgiveness Education for Fourth Grade Students in Turkey
Taysi, E., & Yüzbaşı, D. V. (2015) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-015-9364-9 · Cited by 23
“Long-lasting transgressions seem to be forgiven more reluctantly than minor transgressions (McCullough et al. 1998).”
BackgroundThe devil in the details: Individual differences in unforgiveness and health correlates
Stackhouse, M. R. D., Ross, R. J., & Boon, S. D. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.005 · Cited by 20
Measuring the Capacity to Love: Development of the CTL-Inventory
Kapusta, N. D., Jankowski, K. S., Wolf, V., Guludec, M. C.-L., Madlen, L., Hammerer, C., Schnieder, A., Kealy, D., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Blüml, V. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01115 · Cited by 25
An integrative study of facultative personality calibration
von Borell, C., Kordsmeyer, T. L., Gerlach, T. M., & Penke, L. (2019) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.01.002 · Cited by 18
The Relationship of Forgiveness and Values with Meaning in Life of Polish Students
Głaz, S. (2019) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00860-4 · Cited by 20
Wynes, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-021-04781-9 · Cited by 20
Pain and Defense Versus Grace and Justice: The Relational Conflict and Restoration Model
Sells, J. N., Beckenbach, J., & Patrick, S. (2009) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480709337802 · Cited by 20
“…the emphasis of forgiveness is on unilateral decisions to release the right to retaliate for injuries incurred, there are examples in the literature of forgiveness within a bilateral or two-way systemic structure (Hargrave, 1994; McCullough et al., 1998; Sells & Hargrave, 1998; Worthington, 1999).”
SimanTov‐Nachlieli, I., Shnabel, N., & Mori-Hoffman, A. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216678861 · Cited by 20
“…relationships, conflicting parties’ tendency to engage in destructive behaviors such as taking revenge or avoiding further interactions with the other party (McCullough et al., 1998) is highly costly because it can lead to the loss of the substantial resources invested in these relationships.”
BackgroundInterpersonal Views of Narcissism and Authentic High Self-Esteem: It is Not all about you
Byrne, J. S., & O'Brien, E. J. (2014) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/21.09.pr0.115c15z9 · Cited by 19
Bast, D. F., & Barnes‐Holmes, D. (2014) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-014-0022-2 · Cited by 19
“2010b; Power et al. 2009; Vahey et al. 2010). For example, Roddy et al. (2010) found that responding on an IRAP that targeted implicit attitudes toward overweight individuals were significant predictors of behavioral intentions towards the overweight.”
BackgroundHumility, Forgiveness, and Emerging Adult Female Romantic Relationships.
Bell, C. A., & Fincham, F. (2019) · Journal of Marital & Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12292 · Cited by 17
Song, J. Y., Yu, L., & Enright, R. D. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2531 · Cited by 26
Turning Tables: Offenders Feel Like “Victims” When Victims Withhold Forgiveness
Thai, M., Wenzel, M., & Okimoto, T. G. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211062401 · Cited by 21
“A five-item scale (α = .80) comprising items adapted from the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM; McCullough et al., 1998) scale measured the extent to which participants would want to exact revenge on the victim of their transgression (e.g., “I would want to make this person pay”; 1 = strongly disa…”
BackgroundSkalski‐Bednarz, S. B., Konaszewski, K., Niesiobędzka, M., Gladysh, O., Toussaint, L. L., & Surżykiewicz, J. (2022) · Journal of Beliefs and Values · doi:10.1080/13617672.2022.2158019 · Cited by 21
“For example, people are more likely to forgive others if they receive an apology (McCullough et al. 1998) or other atonement (Worthington 2003).”
Loving-kindness meditation: a field study
Alba, B. (2013) · Contemporary Buddhism · doi:10.1080/14639947.2013.832494 · Cited by 23
“Transgression Motivation questionnaire (McCullough et al., 1998) This questionnaire is assumed to be associated with feelings of forgiveness.”
BackgroundTraining Parents in Forgiving and Reconciling
Kiefer, R. P., Worthington, E. L., Myers, B. J., Kliewer, W. L., Berry, J. W., Davis, D. E., Kilgour, J., Miller, A. J., Tongeren, D. R. V., & Hunter, J. L. (2010) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926180902945723 · Cited by 21
“The first measure, the Transgression-related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM; McCullough et al, 1998 ), is a 12-item measure of unforgiving motivations.”
Self-citationDiDonato, T. E., McIlwee, L. J., & Carlucci, M. E. (2014) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407514536291 · Cited by 19
Lillie, M., & Strelan, P. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.048 · Cited by 19
Chuang, S. P., Wu, J. Y., & Wang, C. S. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s313932 · Cited by 19
Forgiveness-related motives: A structural and cross-cultural approach
Ballester, S., Chatri, F., Sastre, M. T. M., et al. (2011) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/0539018411398418 · Cited by 19
“Regaining sympathy for the offender is strongly facilitated when the offender has sincerely, conveniently apologized and, when appropriate, has offered to repair the harm done (McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundRaj, M., & Wiltermuth, S. S. (2016) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12290 · Cited by 19
“An apology can play an important role in inducing forgiveness by eliciting empathy in the victim (McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundForgiveness, Attributions, and Marital Quality in U.S. and Indian Marriages
Bell, C. A., Kamble, S. V., & Fincham, F. D. (2018) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2018.1433569 · Cited by 18
“Several studies have linked forgiveness and marital quality (e.g., Braithwaite, Selby, & Fincham, 2011; Fincham et al., 2004; McCullough et al., 1998; McNulty, 2007; Paleari et al., 2005; Stafford, David, & McPherson, 2014).”
BackgroundA Psychometric Analysis of the Workplace Forgiveness Scale
Boonyarit, I., Chuawanlee, W., Macaskill, A., et al. (2013) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v9i2.551 · Cited by 19
“Seeking revenge was measured with the revenge subscale of the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRussell, V. M., Baker, L. R., McNulty, J. K., & Overall, N. C. (2018) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000409 · Cited by 20
Iwai, T., & Carvalho, J. V. D. F. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109800 · Cited by 20
Till death do us part: Terror management and forgiveness in close relationships
Tongeren, D. R. V., Green, J. D., Davis, D. E., Worthington, E. L., & Reid, C. A. (2013) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12013 · Cited by 20
Self-citationGuzmán‐González, M., Tapia, M. J., Opazo, M. T., et al. (2014) · Psykhe (Santiago) · doi:10.7764/psykhe.23.2.623 · Cited by 18
“Con base en esta conceptualización y teniendo como foco el perdón episódico en relaciones cercanas, McCullough et al. (1998) desarrollaron el TRIM-12, cuyo objetivo es evaluar el perdón, abarcando las dos dimensiones antes descritas, evitación y venganza.”
BackgroundInfluentialForgiveness aversion: developing a motivational state measure of perceived forgiveness risks
Williamson, I., Gonzales, M. H., Fernandez, S., & Williams, A. L. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9382-1 · Cited by 19
Guzmán, M. A. (2010) · Psykhe (Santiago) · doi:10.4067/s0718-22282010000100002 · Cited by 18
“…que ocurra cuando hay un alto grado de cercanía con la pareja (Tsang, McCullough & Fincham, 2006), cuando la satisfacción con la relación es alta (Allemand et al., 2007; Kachadourian et al., 2004) y cuando hay un alto nivel de compromiso con ella (Cann & Baucom, 2004; McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-forgiveness in romantic relationships: 2. Impact on interpersonal forgiveness
Pelucchi, S., Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. D. (2015) · Family Science · doi:10.1080/19424620.2015.1082048 · Cited by 18
“There is strong evidence that interpersonal forgiveness is fostered by decreased rumination, less dispositional attribution for the offence, and lower perceived offence severity (McCullough et al., 1998; Paleari, Regalia, & Fincham, 2005).”
BackgroundA signal-detection approach to modeling forgiveness decisions
Tan, J. H., Luan, S., & Katsikopoulos, K. V. (2016) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.06.004 · Cited by 18
“The cue weights/orders were measured in Phase II, and the decision criterion of a model was estimated from participants' hypothetical decisions in Phase III. in the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale (McCullough et al., 1998).”
MethodResentment or Forgiveness? The Assessment of Forgivingness Among Italian Adolescents
Barcaccia, B., Milioni, M., Pallini, S., et al. (2017) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-017-9483-6 · Cited by 18
Sindermann, C., Luo, R., Zhang, Y., Kendrick, K. M., Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00148 · Cited by 19
Shao, B. (2019) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-09-2018-0353 · Cited by 18
Smith, A., McCauley, T. G., Yagi, A., Yamaura, K., Shimizu, H., McCullough, M. E., & Ohtsubo, Y. (2019) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.09.003 · Cited by 16
Self-citationFatigante, M., Biassoni, F., Marazzini, F., et al. (2015) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/0163853x.2015.1056696 · Cited by 18
The value of remorse: How drivers' responses to police predict fines for speeding.
Day, M. V., & Ross, M. (2010) · Law and Human Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10979-010-9234-4 · Cited by 17
“Thus, the potential benefits of apologies are likely to depend on a variety of factors, including the nature and severity of the harm and the relationship between offenders and apology recipients (e.g., Darby & Schlenker, 1982; McCullough et al., 1998 ).”
BackgroundFrom Theory to Practice: Forgiveness as a Mechanism to Repair Conflicts in CMC
Vasalou, A., Pitt, J. V., & Piolle, G. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11755593_29 · Cited by 18
Mental Toughness in South African Youth
Cowden, R. G., Clough, P., & Asante, K. O. (2017) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294116687516 · Cited by 19
“Following transgressions, forgiveness is related to re-establishing levels of relational closeness (McCullough et al., 1998), a reduction in vengeful thoughts and feelings towards transgressors (Rye et al., 2001) and reconciliatory actions (Aquino, Tripp, & Bies, 2006).”
BackgroundKerendahhatian dan Pemaafan pada Mahasiswa
Kusprayogi, Y., & Nashori, F. (2017) · Psikohumaniora Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi · doi:10.21580/pjpp.v1i1.963 · Cited by 18
Worthington, E. L., Mazzeo, S. E., & Canter, D. E. (2005) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10886-010 · Cited by 18
Self-citationWhen work relationships matter: Interpersonal forgiveness and work outcomes.
Cao, W., van der Wal, R. C., & Taris, T. W. (2021) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/str0000192 · Cited by 23
Honora, A., Wang, K.-Y., & Chih, W. (2024) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-06-2022-0439 · Cited by 23
Farhat, Z., & Chaney, D. (2024) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2024.2309543 · Cited by 21
“…feeling such as hate, it can result in detrimental outcomes such avoidance defined as customers’ need to withdraw from any interactions with firms (McCullough et al., 1998), and revenge defined as customers’ need to punish and cause harm to firms for the damages they have caused (Grégoire and…”
BackgroundThe Other Voice in the Room: Restorative Justice Facilitators' Constructions of Justice
Paul, G. D., & Dunlop, J. A. (2014) · Conflict Resolution Quarterly · doi:10.1002/crq.21091 · Cited by 17
Presenting a Self-Compassionate Image After an Interpersonal Transgression
Allen, A. B., Barton, J. M., & Stevenson, O. (2014) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.946958 · Cited by 17
“Research on forgiveness shows people are more likely to forgive others with whom they have close relationships (McCullough et al., 1998); therefore, we anticipate that participants will be more likely to forgive close friend and romantic partners than acquaintances.”
BackgroundWhy Do People With Self-Control Forgive Others Easily? The Role of Rumination and Anger
Kong, F., Zhang, H., Xia, H., Huang, B., Qin, J., Zhang, Y., Sun, X., & Zhou, Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00129 · Cited by 17
Status demotion in hierarchical loyalty programs and customers’ revenge and avoidance intentions
Banik, S., Gao, Y., & Rabbanee, F. K. (2021) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-12-2019-0884 · Cited by 21
Blocher, W. G., & Wade, N. G. (2010) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.32.1.a123852367h38057 · Cited by 18
Eaton, J. (2011) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02066.x · Cited by 16
Forgiveness and Cohesion in Familial Perceptions of Alcohol Misuse
Scherer, M., Worthington, E. L., Hook, J. N., et al. (2012) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00021.x · Cited by 17
“The TRIM had Cronbach’s alphas ranging from .86 to .96 across subscales (McCullough et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationMok, A., & Cremer, D. D. (2014) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2014.892872 · Cited by 17
“To assess forgiveness, we used the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM; McCullough et al., 1998), an established forgiveness measure.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFatfouta, R., Schröder–Abé, M., & Merkl, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00728 · Cited by 16
Repairing Meaning, Resolving Rumination, and Moving toward Self-Forgiveness
Graham, K., Morse, J. L., O’Donnell, M. B., & Steger, M. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60573-9_5 · Cited by 18
Shrout, M. R., & Weigel, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407517733335 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1586-1603
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4296289882
- Cited by
- 1,435
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 56 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 18.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- interpersonal forgiveness, close relationships, interpersonal conflict
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