Cited by 1,358Education, Achievement, and GiftednessGrit, Self-Efficacy, and MotivationSocial and Intergroup Psychology

Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach.

Hong, Ying-yi, Chiu, Chi-yue, Dweck, Carol S., Lin, Derrick M.-S., Wan, Wendy·1999·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Abstract

This research sought to integrate C. S. Dweck and E. L. Leggett's (1988) model with attribution theory. Three studies tested the hypothesis that theories of intelligence—the belief that intelligence is malleable (incremental theory) versus fixed (entity theory)—would predict (and create) effort versus ability attributions, which would then mediate mastery-oriented coping. Study 1 revealed that, when given negative feedback, incremental theorists were more likely than entity theorists to attribute to effort. Studies 2 and 3 showed that incremental theorists were more likely than entity theorists to take remedial action if performance was unsatisfactory. Study 3, in which an entity or incremental theory was induced, showed that incremental theorists' remedial action was mediated by their effort attributions. These results suggest that implicit theories create the meaning framework in which attributions occur and are important for understanding motivation.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.588

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hong, Y.-Y., Chiu, C.-Y., Dweck, C. S., Lin, D. M.-S., & Wan, W.
Affiliations
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Published
1999
Volume
77
Issue
3
Pages
588-599
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
OpenAlex
W1973019568
Cited by
1,358
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 56
FWCI
18.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
implicit theories of intelligence, incremental theory, entity theory, attribution theory, effort attribution, ability attribution, meaning systems, motivation, negative feedback, remedial measures

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review