Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach.
Abstract
This research sought to integrate C. S. Dweck and E. L. Leggett's (1988) model with attribution theory. Three studies tested the hypothesis that theories of intelligence—the belief that intelligence is malleable (incremental theory) versus fixed (entity theory)—would predict (and create) effort versus ability attributions, which would then mediate mastery-oriented coping. Study 1 revealed that, when given negative feedback, incremental theorists were more likely than entity theorists to attribute to effort. Studies 2 and 3 showed that incremental theorists were more likely than entity theorists to take remedial action if performance was unsatisfactory. Study 3, in which an entity or incremental theory was induced, showed that incremental theorists' remedial action was mediated by their effort attributions. These results suggest that implicit theories create the meaning framework in which attributions occur and are important for understanding motivation.
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The Japanese-translated version of the Implicit Theory of Intelligence Scale has construct validity and internal consistency.
“This scale has construct validity and internal consistency [59, 60] and comprises three items (e.g., “You have a certain amount of intelligence and you really can’t do much to change it”).”
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- Authors
- Hong, Y.-Y., Chiu, C.-Y., Dweck, C. S., Lin, D. M.-S., & Wan, W.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 588-599
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1973019568
- Cited by
- 1,358
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 18.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- implicit theories of intelligence, incremental theory, entity theory, attribution theory, effort attribution, ability attribution, meaning systems, motivation, negative feedback, remedial measures
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