Cited by 499Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Personality trait development from age 12 to age 18: Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural analyses

McCrae, Robert R., Costa, Paul T., Terracciano, Antonio, Parker, Wayne D., Mills, Carol J., De Fruyt, Filip, Mervielde, Ivan·2002·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1456

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Abstract

Three studies were conducted to assess mean level changes in personality traits during adolescence. Versions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa, Jr., & R. R. McCrae, 1992a) were used to assess the 5 major personality factors. A 4-year longitudinal study of intellectually gifted students (N = 230) was supplemented by cross-sectional studies of nonselected American (N = 1,959) and Flemish (N = 789) adolescents. Personality factors were reasonably invariant across ages, although rank-order stability of individual differences was low. Neuroticism appeared to increase in girls, and Openness to Experience increased in both boys and girls; mean levels of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were stable. Results extend knowledge of the developmental curve of personality traits backward from adulthood and help bridge the gap with child temperament studies.

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Authors: McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., Parker, W. D., Mills, C. J., De Fruyt, F., & Mervielde, I.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Ghent University (BE)
ORCID: McCrae, Robert R.
Terracciano, Antonio
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2002
Volume: 83
Issue: 6
Pages: 1456-1468
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1456
OpenAlex: W2069214083
Cited by: 499
References: 90
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 12.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
National Institute on Aging (ZIAAG000180, ZIAAG000183)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: adolescence, Big Five personality traits, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, rank-order stability, gender differences, cross-cultural comparison, Flemish adolescents
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Belgium, Child, Child, Gifted, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personality Development, Personality Inventory, United States, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

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Personality trait development from age 12 to age 18: Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural analyses

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