The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect.
Abstract
Is positive affect (PA) the bipolar opposite of, or is it independent of, negative affect (NA)? Previous analyses of this vexing question have generally labored under the false assumption that bipolarity predicts an invariant latent correlation between PA and NA. The predicted correlation varies with time frame, response format, and items selected to define PA and NA. The observed correlation also varies with errors inherent in measurement. When the actual predictions of a bipolar model are considered and error is taken into account, there is little evidence for independence of what were traditionally thought opposites. Bipolarity provides a parsimonious fit to existing data.
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“One factor that has undoubtedly contributed to the poor characterization of PA’s role in smoking behavior and abstinence is that many EMA studies examining affect as a predictor of craving or smoking behavior subscribed to the circumplex model of emotion, which suggests that NA and PA are not independent factors of emotion and are, in fact, bipolar ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1”
From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Russell & Carroll, 1999
In the citing paper
“In other words, these pilot data were not consistent with the circumplex model of emotion often utilized in EMA smoking studies which posits that NA and PA represent opposing ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1980; Russell & Carroll, 1999; Shiffman, 2013)”
From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Russell & Carroll, 1999
In the citing paper
“One alternative view, derived from studies of emotional language and supported by Russell and colleagues (Russell, 1980;Russell & Carroll, 1999), is that valence is a bipolar dimension bisected by intensity.Emotions are then distributed in a circle, or circumplex, around a neutral valence point and moderate intensity”
From Emotional Intensity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Experience (2004) · cites this paper as Russell & Carroll, 1999
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Metadata
- Authors
- Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Russell, James A.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-30
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2062530052
- Cited by
- 1,481
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 55.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- positive affect, negative affect, bipolarity, bipolar model, affective states, measurement error, latent correlations, response format
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Humans, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics
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