CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,481Psychometric Methodologies and TestingMental Health Research TopicsPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect.

Russell, James A., Carroll, James M.·1999·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.3
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Is positive affect (PA) the bipolar opposite of, or is it independent of, negative affect (NA)? Previous analyses of this vexing question have generally labored under the false assumption that bipolarity predicts an invariant latent correlation between PA and NA. The predicted correlation varies with time frame, response format, and items selected to define PA and NA. The observed correlation also varies with errors inherent in measurement. When the actual predictions of a bipolar model are considered and error is taken into account, there is little evidence for independence of what were traditionally thought opposites. Bipolarity provides a parsimonious fit to existing data.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.3

Cites

88 of 88 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 1,481

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M.
Affiliations
University of British Columbia (CA)
ORCID
Russell, James A.
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1999
Volume
125
Issue
1
Pages
3-30
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.3
OpenAlex
W2062530052
Cited by
1,481
References
90
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 90
FWCI
55.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
positive affect, negative affect, bipolarity, bipolar model, affective states, measurement error, latent correlations, response format
MeSH terms
Affect, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Humans, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review