The DOI matches its Crossref record; 125 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism.
Abstract
Scores on cognitive tasks used in intelligence tests correlate positively with each other, that is, they display a positive manifold of correlations. The positive manifold is often explained by positing a dominant latent variable, the g factor, associated with a single quantitative cognitive or biological process or capacity. In this article, a new explanation of the positive manifold based on a dynamical model is proposed, in which reciprocal causation or mutualism plays a central role. It is shown that the positive manifold emerges purely by positive beneficial interactions between cognitive processes during development. A single underlying g factor plays no role in the model. The model offers explanations of important findings in intelligence research, such as the hierarchical factor structure of intelligence, the low predictability of intelligence from early childhood performance, the integration/differentiation effect, the increase in heritability of g, and the Jensen effect, and is consistent with current explanations of the Flynn effect.
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“However, as dynamic effects can amplify over developmental time44, they are nonetheless worth understanding and addressing with care.”
From Windows of developmental sensitivity to social media (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“overall cognitive capacities including crystallized and fluid composites, despite there being distinctions between them, have modest associations with each other, and can be summarized by a higher-order common factor (general intelligence) (Lovden, Fratiglioni, Glymour, Lindenberger, & Tucker-Drob, 2020; Lubinski, 2004; van der Maas et al., 2006).”
From Early-Initiated Childhood Reading for Pleasure: Associations with Better Cognitive Performance, Mental Well-being and Brain Structure in Young Adolescence (2024) · cites this paper as van der Maas et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“The network approach is different; it does not assume an a priori structure of motivation factors.Instead, it uses the (bidirectional) partial correlations between variables in empirical data and in doing so clusters of variables which can be interpreted as constructs may emerge.”
From Motivation-Achievement Cycles in Learning: a Literature Review and Research Agenda (2022) · cites this paper as van der Maas et al., 2006
Citations
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A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks
Epskamp, S., & Fried, E. I. (2018) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000167 · Cited by 2,918
The p Factor: One General Psychopathology Factor in the Structure of Psychiatric Disorders?
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., Meier, M. H., Ramrakha, S., Shalev, I., Poulton, R., et al. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613497473 · Cited by 2,449
Comorbidity: a network perspective
Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L. J., & Borsboom, D. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09991567 · Cited by 1,575
The Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging neuroimaging evidence
Jung, R. E., & Haier, R. J. (2007) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x07001185 · Cited by 1,662
What do centrality measures measure in psychological networks?
Bringmann, L. F., Elmer, T., Epskamp, S., Krause, R. W., Schoch, D., Wichers, M., Wigman, J. T. W., & Snippe, E. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000446 · Cited by 1,462
Metadata
- Authors
- Van Der Maas, H. L. J., Dolan, C. V., Grasman, R. P. P. P., Wicherts, J. M., Huizenga, H. M., & Raijmakers, M. E. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 842-861
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2100107646
- Cited by
- 1,006
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 20.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Keywords
- general intelligence, dynamic modeling, mutualism, reciprocal causation, cognitive processes, hierarchical factor structure, heritability of intelligence, Flynn effect
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Intelligence, Models, Psychological, Psychology
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