Cited by 1,006Cognitive Abilities and TestingPsychometric Methodologies and TestingCreativity in Education and Neuroscience

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A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism.

Van Der Maas, Han L. J., Dolan, Conor V., Grasman, Raoul P. P. P., Wicherts, Jelte M., Huizenga, Hilde M., Raijmakers, Maartje E. J.·2006·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.842

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Abstract

Scores on cognitive tasks used in intelligence tests correlate positively with each other, that is, they display a positive manifold of correlations. The positive manifold is often explained by positing a dominant latent variable, the g factor, associated with a single quantitative cognitive or biological process or capacity. In this article, a new explanation of the positive manifold based on a dynamical model is proposed, in which reciprocal causation or mutualism plays a central role. It is shown that the positive manifold emerges purely by positive beneficial interactions between cognitive processes during development. A single underlying g factor plays no role in the model. The model offers explanations of important findings in intelligence research, such as the hierarchical factor structure of intelligence, the low predictability of intelligence from early childhood performance, the integration/differentiation effect, the increase in heritability of g, and the Jensen effect, and is consistent with current explanations of the Flynn effect.

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Authors: Van Der Maas, H. L. J., Dolan, C. V., Grasman, R. P. P. P., Wicherts, J. M., Huizenga, H. M., & Raijmakers, M. E. J.
Affiliations: University of Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID: Dolan, Conor V.
Grasman, Raoul P. P. P.
Wicherts, Jelte M.
Huizenga, Hilde M.
Raijmakers, Maartje E. J.
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006
Volume: 113
Issue: 4
Pages: 842-861
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.842
OpenAlex: W2100107646
Cited by: 1,006
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 54 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 20.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
Keywords: general intelligence, dynamic modeling, mutualism, reciprocal causation, cognitive processes, hierarchical factor structure, heritability of intelligence, Flynn effect
MeSH terms: Humans, Intelligence, Models, Psychological, Psychology

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A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism.

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