Cited by 500Memory Processes and InfluencesSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering.

Weldon, Mary Susan, Bellinger, Krystal D.·1997·Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Two experiments compared collaborative and individual recall. In Experiment 1, participants encoded pictures and words with a deep or shallow processing task, then recalled them twice either individually or collaboratively. Collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups (pooled individuals), thus exhibiting collaborative inhibition. However, group recall appeared to be more stable over time than individual recall. Groups and individuals both showed a picture-superiority effect, a level-of-processing effect, and hypermnesia. In Experiment 2, participants recalled the story "War of the Ghosts" (from F. C. Bartlett, 1932), and again collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups. Both the individual and collaborative recalls were highly organized. There was evidence that the collaborative groups tended to rely on the best individual to a greater extent in story than in list recall. Possible social and cognitive mechanisms are considered.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0278-7393.23.5.1160

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Thought and language
Vygotsky, L. S. (1964) · Bulletin of the Orton Society · doi:10.1007/bf02928399 · Cited by 20,704
The Handbook of Social Psychology
Gravatt, A. E., Lindzey, G. E., & Aronson, F. (1969) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582242 · Cited by 12,518
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566
REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Bartlett, F. C., & Burt, C. (1933) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1933.tb02913.x · Cited by 7,475
A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity.
Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.6.2.174 · Cited by 5,604
Toward a model of text comprehension and production.
Kintsch, W., & van Dijk, T. A. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.5.363 · Cited by 5,298
On Collective Memory
Halbwachs, M., & Coser, L. A. (1992) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226774497.001.0001 · Cited by 4,939
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
Bourne, L. E. (1977) · Cited by 4,328
Imagery and Verbal Processes
Paivio, A. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315798868 · Cited by 4,184
Depth of Processing and the Retention of Words in Episodic Memory
Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 · Cited by 4,121

Show all 59 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 500

Motivation and episodic memory performance
Ngaosuvan, L. S. (2004) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 7
Trust and Communication: Foundations of Interconnectivity
Kunnel, A. J. (2021) · Peter Lang D eBooks · doi:10.3726/b17879 · Cited by 6
Here’s looking at you: eye gaze and collaborative recall
Harris, C. B., Bergen, P. V., Harris, S. A., McIlwain, N., & Arguel, A. (2021) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01533-2 · Cited by 6
The collaborative encoding deficit is attenuated with specific warnings
Barber, S. J., Rajaram, S., & Paneerselvam, B. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2012.717924 · Cited by 6
“This outcome is known as collaborative inhibition (Weldon & Bellinger, 1997), and is thought to arise in large part from a mechanism known as retrieval disruption (Basden, Basden, Bryner, & Thomas, 1997; see also Barber & Rajaram, 2011; Finlay, Hitch, & Meudell, 2000).”
Background
Determining Whether Pharmacy Students Can Accurately Recall Items on an Examination Using Their Collective Memory
Persky, A. M., & Fuller, K. A. (2021) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education · doi:10.5688/ajpe8638 · Cited by 6
Organizational Memory
Argote, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5251-5_4 · Cited by 6
Forgetting Corporate Irresponsibility: The Role of Corporate Political Activities and Stakeholder Characteristics
Yapici, N., & Dheer, R. J. S. (2023) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-023-05482-1 · Cited by 7
“The social context is also crucial to what is remembered as it prescribes the style and content of recall, the social dynamics of who speaks when, and whose recollections are more significant (Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Conflict and metacognitive control: the mismatch-monitoring hypothesis of how others' knowledge states affect recall
Fraundorf, S. H., & Benjamin, A. S. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1069853 · Cited by 6
“But, it can also introduce false memories (Roediger, Meade, & Bergman, 2001), and people working in a group typically recall less information than the sum of what the members could have recalled on their own (collaborative inhibition; e.g., Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
The more you remember the more you decide: Collaborative memory in adolescents with intellectual disability and their assistants
Danielsson, H., Dahlström, Ö., & Andersson, J. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.041 · Cited by 6
“The effect has also been observed for a variety of materials like pictures (Finlay et al., 2000; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997), a movie clip (Ekeocha & Brennan, 2008), stories (Andersson & words (Basden, Basden, Bryner, & Thomas III, 1997).”
Background
Strong shared representations promote schema-consistent memory errors in groups
Betts, K. R., & Hinsz, V. B. (2013) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430213486206 · Cited by 6
Accountability Features and Their Implications for Education Policies
Abadzi, H. (2020) · Comparative Education Review · doi:10.1086/706822 · Cited by 6
Discourse Remixed: Shifting Science Learning Through Talk
Premo, J., Cavagnetto, A. R., Collins, L. B., Davis, W. B., & Offerdahl, E. G. (2021) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2021.1993771 · Cited by 6
“Findings that some groups perform worse than expected (termed “collaborative inhibition”; Barber et al., 2015; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997; Marion & Thorley, 2016), lack an advantage for outcomes like scientific argumentation (Sampson & Clark, 2009) and provide minimal benefits in both mastery and…”
Background
Collaborative testing for key-term definitions under representative conditions: Efficiency costs and no learning benefits
Wissman, K. T., & Rawson, K. A. (2017) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-017-0752-x · Cited by 6
Distinguishable memory retrieval networks for collaboratively and non-collaboratively learned information
Vanlangendonck, F., Takashima, A., Willems, R. M., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.008 · Cited by 6
“Furthermore, during collaborative retrieval of individually encoded memories, memories can be reinforced as a result of repetition (Blumen and Rajaram, 2008; Rajaram and Pereira-Pasarin, 2007; Weldon and Bellinger, 1997), forgotten if they are not mentioned during the interaction (Coman et al.”
Influential
Effects of pair collaboration and word‐frequency in recognition memory: A study with the remember‐know procedure
Rossi‐Arnaud, C., Pieroni, L., Spataro, P., & Cestari, V. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00912.x · Cited by 6
Effects of Newcomer Practicing on Cross-level Learning Distortions
Branzei, O., & Fredette, C. A. (2008) · Management Learning · doi:10.1177/1350507608093711 · Cited by 6
“Groups are often considered ‘superior’ to the ‘average’ and sometimes even their ‘best’ individual members (Weldon and Bellinger, 1997), for several reasons.”
Background
Lessons from industry in the design of virtual collaborative learning environments
Kuljis, J., & Lees, D. Y. (2003) · ITI ... · doi:10.1109/iti.2002.1024648 · Cited by 6
Conversational Roles, Generational Differences and the Emergence of Historical and Personal Memories Surrounding WWII during Familial Discussions
van der Haegen, A., Stone, C. B., Luminet, O., & Hirst, W. C. (2022) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/0163853x.2022.2037053 · Cited by 5
“The dynamics of conversational remembering differ substantially from those dynamics involved when an individual is remembering (see, e.g., Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Background
Decision Centralization and Learning from Experience in Groups: Separating Context from Aggregation Effects
Park, S., González, C., & Puranam, P. (2024) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2022.01507 · Cited by 6
When social influences reduce false recognition memory: A case of categorically related information
Rajaram, S., Maswood, R., & Pereira-Pasarin, L. P. (2020) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104279 · Cited by 5
Empirical factors affecting memory in collaborative versus nominal groups
Guynn, M. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1214910 · Cited by 5
“Weldon and Bellinger (1997) proposed both social and cognitive factors that could produce the effect, but subsequent work (Weldon et al., 2000) suggested that the mechanism was more likely cognitive (e.g., retrieval disruption; see also Basden et al., 1997) than social (e.g., social loafing; but…”
Background
The collaborative emergence of group cognition
Theiner, G., & Sutton, J. D. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x13003051 · Cited by 5
Eyewitness memory: effects of social pressure and gender on memory conformity
Schwartz, E. K. (2013) · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · doi:10.13016/m2nh7c · Cited by 5
Reenmarcando la producción social de memoria: la experiencia de docentes y estudiantes en dos colegios de Bogotá
Osorio, J. D. (2017) · Revista Colombiana de Sociología · doi:10.15446/rcs.v40n1.61953 · Cited by 5
Survival processing eliminates collaborative inhibition
Reysen, M. B., Bliss, H., & Baker, M. A. (2017) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2017.1318408 · Cited by 5
“Thus, both a survival processing effect (Nairne et al., 2007) and collaborative inhibition (Weldon & Bellinger, 1997) were observed.”
Background
Open Innovation Communities…or should it be “Networks”
Cardoso, M., Carvalho, J. V., & Ramos, I. M. P. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85895-1_4 · Cited by 5
“Important factors induce variation, which are the collaboration type, inducing collaborative recall (Weldon and Bellinger 1997), the nature of the group and roles assumed (Goffman 1993), all crucial elements for a better group memo- ry performance (extensively: nature of the group, collaboration,…”
Background
History and Memory in the Dead Sea Scrolls
Williams, T. B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108681285 · Cited by 31
How Collective Memories Emerge
Rajaram, S., Peña, T., & Greeley, G. D. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197568675.003.0020 · Cited by 5
Collaborative Recall of Eyewitness Event Increases Misinformation Effect at 1Week
Rivardo, M. G., Rutledge, A. T., Chelecki, C., Stayer, B. E., Quarles, M., & Kline, A. (2013) · North American journal of psychology · Cited by 5
Technology-Based Support for Older Adult Communication in Safety-Critical Domains
Morrow, D. G. (2015) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2015.09.008 · Cited by 5
Measuring shared knowledge with group false memory
Arima, Y., Yukihiro, R., & Hattori, Y. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28347-4 · Cited by 5
The Impact of Self-Reported Hearing Difficulties on Memory Collaboration in Older Adults
Barnier, A. J., Harris, C. B., Morris, T., Strutt, P. A., & Savage, G. R. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00870 · Cited by 5
“A clinical review panel considered all medical, psychiatric, neuropsychological, and health data and classified 768 as healthy controls, 133 as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI; Petersen et al., 1999; Winblad et al., 2004), and 211 as having Alzheimer’s disease (McKhann et al., 1984).”
Background
On the use of wireless response systems in experimental psychology: Implications for the behavioral researcher
Langley, M. M., Cleary, A. M., & Kostic, B. N. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192974 · Cited by 5
“Studies on group collaboration and memory have shown that in many instances, group collaboration can actually impair recall compared to individual performance (e.g., Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Background
The Effects of Communicative Source and Dynamics on the Maintenance and Accessibility of Longer‐term Memories: Applications to Sexual Abuse and Its Public Disclosure
Fagin, M. M., Cyr, T. G., & Hirst, W. C. (2015) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.3189 · Cited by 5
Collaborative Remembering: Background and Approaches
(2017) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198737865.003.0001 · Cited by 5
Individual and collective memory consolidation: Analogous processes on different levels
Michaelian, K. (2014) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/1750698013515365 · Cited by 5
“The collaborative recall paradigm (Weldon and Bellinger, 1997) makes use of a procedure similar to that described by the authors: individuals are first presented with stimuli;”
Method
Supporting Organizational E-Learning with a Distributed, Virtual, Collaborative Learning Environment
Kuljis, J., & Lees, D. Y. (2003) · International Journal of Computers and Applications · doi:10.1080/1206212x.2003.11441684 · Cited by 4
Neurocognitive mechanisms of collaborative recall
Montoro-Membila, N., Maswood, R., Molina, B. A., Rajaram, S., & Bajo, M. T. (2022) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107639 · Cited by 5
“This counterintuitive effect is termed collaborative inhibition in recall (Weldon & Bellinger, 1997) and has been replicated widely (Marion & Thorley, 2016), including for recall of word lists, stories, pictures, emotional stimuli, and film clips (Andersson, 2001; Marion & Thorley, 2016;…”
Influential
Collaborative memory: A selective review
Rajaram, S., Greeley, G. D., & Peña, T. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00045-6 · Cited by 4
Examining the time course of post collaborative benefits across word lists and prose passages
Wei, Y., Charbonneau, B. Z., Meade, M. L., & Hutchison, K. A. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-024-01609-5 · Cited by 4
“Collaborative inhibition refers to group memory performance being inferior to pooled non-redundant memory performance of the same number of individuals working separately (e.g., Weldon & Bellinger, 1997; see Rajaram, 2018, for review).”
Mixing Research Methods in HCI: Ethnography Meets Experimentation in Image Browser Design
Ormerod, T. C., Mariani, J. A., Morley, N., Rodden, T. A., Crabtree, A., Mathrick, J., Hitch, G. J., & Lewis, K. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11431879_7 · Cited by 4
Collaborative memory in a serial combination procedure
Ditta, A. S., & Steyvers, M. (2012) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2012.747614 · Cited by 4
A Conceptual Review on Technological Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer
Sabri, S. M., Haron, H., Jamil, N., & Ibrahim, E. N. M. (2014) · Journal of Computers · doi:10.4304/jcp.9.3.654-667 · Cited by 4
Memory and Jury Deliberation
Hirst, W. C., Coman, A., & Stone, C. B. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199920754.003.0007 · Cited by 4
“However, how the deliberation itself unfolds may also determine what is remembered, as the work on collaborative inhibition and informational sampling biases indicates (Stasser & Titus, 1987; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997; Weldon et al., 2000; Wittenbaum & Stasser, 1996).”
Background
Fluctuating confidence: the dynamic consequences of true/false affirmatives and denials on how a listener appraises their personal past
Davis, J., Bayantemur, S. Y., Seecharan, S., Unger, L. D., Hellgren, J., & Stone, C. B. (2018) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2018.1468468 · Cited by 6
“For example, they may reinforce a preexisting memory (Blumen & Rajaram, 2008; Rajaram & Pereira-Pasarin, 2007; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997), implant a false memory (Loftus & Pickrell, 1995; Roediger, Meade, & Bergman, 2001), or induce “forgetting” (Stone, Barnier, Sutton, & Hirst, 2013).”
United Brains for Complex Learning. A cognitive-load approach to collaborative learning efficiency
Kirschner, F. (2009) · DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) · Cited by 4
Collective Memories in Wikipedia
Ferron, M. (2012) · Unitn-eprints PhD (University of Trento) · doi:10.15168/11572_368923 · Cited by 4
Collaboration facilitates abstract category learning
Richey, J. E., Nokes‐Malach, T. J., & Cohen, K. (2018) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-018-0795-7 · Cited by 3
“For example, Weldon and Bellinger (1997) found that dyads completing a memory task performed better than individuals completing the same task but worse than nominal dyads, whereas Mullen, Johnson, and Salas (1991) conducted a meta-analysis showing brainstorming groups generally produced fewer and…”
Background
Conceptualizing Mood Influences on Information Processing in Groups via Dominant Cognitive Processing Strategies
Hinsz, V. B., & Robinson, M. D. (2023) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/10464964231201102 · Cited by 3
“However, there is also substantial research suggesting that other group members tend to inhibit the retrieval of information in group settings (e.g., collaborative inhibition; Marion & Thorley, 2016; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Background
The reproduction of imagination: how do non-experiencers remember history?
Wang, X., Li, C., & Wu, G. (2024) · International Journal of Heritage Studies · doi:10.1080/13527258.2024.2320323 · Cited by 3
“While research on collective memory must examine the role of politics, institutional rules, and archives in constructing collective memory, the role of individuals in the construction of collective memory should not be ignored (Weldon and Bellinger 1997; Jones 2015).”
Background
The detrimental and beneficial effects of collaboration are sensitive to both collaborative frequency and collaborative order but not to the encoding task
Nie, A., & Liu, S. (2024) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2024.2385098 · Cited by 4
“These findings closely align with the results of other studies that have manipulated multiple collaborations, such as Choi et al. (2014) and Weldon and Bellinger (1997).”
Paradigma subjacente ao estudo do efeito de inibição colaborativa
Garrido, M. V. (2013) · Laboratório de Psicologia · doi:10.14417/lp.674 · Cited by 3
“Quando se averigua se a recordação em grupo é melhor, semelhante ou inferior, à soma da recordação de indivíduos a trabalhar isoladamente (nominal) são vários os estudos que reportam o efeito de inibição colaborativa (e.g., Garrido et al., 2012a; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
BackgroundInfluential
Does collaboration with an intimate partner support memory performance? An exploratory case series of people with epilepsy or acquired brain injury
Baird, A., Harris, C. B., Harris, S. A., Sutton, J. D., Miller, L. A., & Barnier, A. J. (2019) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-192849 · Cited by 3
Collaborative Memory: What Happens With Remote Communication?
Conte, N., Padulo, C., & Fairfield, B. (2023) · Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000398 · Cited by 3
Misinformation in social interaction: examining the role of discussion
Saraiva, M., & Garrido, M. V. (2024) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2023.2300671 · Cited by 5
“Discussion between group members is not allowed, and the task ends after a few attempts in which none of the participants can recall more information (e.g., Marion & Thorley, 2016; Maswood et al., 2022; Saraiva et al., 2017; Thorley & Dewhurst, 2007; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Background
Collaborative encoding with a new categorization task: a contribution to collaborative memory research
Conte, N., Pelegrina, S., Padulo, C., Marascia, E., & Fairfield, B. (2024) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-024-01929-w · Cited by 3
“Weldon and Bellinger (1997) termed this phenomenon, collaborative inhibition.”
Background
Post‐collaborative benefits: A meta‐analysis of the effect of collaboration on subsequent individual retrieval
Gao, Y., Chu, Y., Liu, X., & Tang, W. (2024) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12723 · Cited by 4
Collaborative interviewing of eyewitnesses: a field study
van Rosmalen, E. A. J., & Vredeveldt, A. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1108/jcp-04-2024-0028 · Cited by 3
Cooperation and competition enhance implicit sequence learning differently
Si, Y., Wang, B., & Kawczyński, A. (2025) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2024.102090 · Cited by 5
A Social Capital Perspective on Computer-Mediated Group Communication and Performance: An Empirical Study
Raghupathi, V., & Benbunan‐Fich, R. (2020) · Group Decision and Negotiation · doi:10.1007/s10726-020-09678-y · Cited by 4
Collaboration in implicit memory: evidence from word-fragment completion and category exemplar generation
Rossi‐Arnaud, C., Cestari, V., Marques, V. R. S., Gabrielli, G. B., & Spataro, P. (2015) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-015-0725-2 · Cited by 3
The Cognitive Mechanism of Collaborative Inhibition
Liu, X., Zhang, H., Weihai, T. A. N. G., & Hong, F. E. N. G. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.00792 · Cited by 3
Collaborative Facilitation through Error-Detection: A Classroom Experiment
Gadgil, S., & Nokes, T. J. (2010) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Memory and Aging in Social Contexts
Meade, M. L., Perga, V. A., & Hart, K. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108552684.018 · Cited by 3
The impact of collaboration on metacognitive monitoring in children and adolescents
Tang, W., Li, X., Li, N., & Liu, X. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07501-y · Cited by 2
“After a distractor period that follows, participants in the collaborative group work together to complete the recall test, while those in the nominal group recall individually (Gates et al., 2022; Marion & Thorley, 2016; Pepe et al., 2021; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Modeling collaborative memory with SAM
Mannering, W. M., Rajaram, S., Shiffrin, R. M., & Jones, M. N. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-024-01647-z · Cited by 2
“Consistent with this, collaborative inhibition has been reported during recall for both uncategorized lists (e.g., Blumen & Rajaram, 2008; Choi et al., 2014; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997) and categorized lists (Basden et al., 1997; Congleton & Rajaram, 2011, 2014).”
A context-based model of collaborative inhibition during memory search
Angne, H., Cornell, C. A., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78517-w · Cited by 2
Eyewitnesses as Guarantors of the Accuracy of the Gospel Traditions in the Light of Psychological Research
MCIVER (2012) · Journal of Biblical Literature · doi:10.2307/23488253 · Cited by 2
Understanding the impact of influencer authenticity strategies on digital engagement: the role of emotion, image count and brand disclosure
Deng, M., Li, J., Deng, X., & Sun, B. (2025) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-025-10078-0 · Cited by 4
Recording Urban Memory in City Transitions
Cheshmehzangi, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1003-5_8 · Cited by 2
Micro Foundation of Organizational Learning: Group Learning
Argote, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5251-5_5 · Cited by 2
Does Two-Stage Testing Promote Long-Term Individual Learning?
Walker, J. D., & Robinson, D. H. (2022) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2022.2059750 · Cited by 2
“Some research has demonstrated a collaborative inhibition effect whereby individuals brainstorming or recalling in groups actually produce fewer unique instances than comparison groups who meet separately and pool their contributions (Peker & Tekcan, 2009; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
Background
Memory Landscapes and Stories of Shame: The Coexistence of Greece, Cyprus and Turkey as an Affective “Mission Impossible”
Karaiskou, V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05570-6_12 · Cited by 2
Investigating potential differences in the approaches to studying of gifted and normative learners via PISA math tests results/Istraživanje potencijalnih razlika u pristupima učenju nadarenih i prosječnih učenika putem rezultata PISA testova iz matematike
Simuţ, C. C., & Godor, B. P. (2023) · Croatian Journal of Education - Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje · doi:10.15516/cje.v25i1.4413 · Cited by 2
“On the other hand, as shown by Weldon and Bellinger (1997), gifted children do not.”
Understanding the interaction between students' theories of intelligence and learning activities
Gadgil, S. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 2
Don’t Remind Me: Part-set Cuing Inhibits Consumers Prospective Memory When Reviewing Home Loan Terms
LeBoeuf, M. A. (2014) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University) · Cited by 2
Technology evaluation to support knowledge recall and transfer
Sabri, S. M., Haron, H., & Jamil, N. (2018) · International Conference on Information and Education Technology (ICIET) · doi:10.1145/3178158.3178191 · Cited by 2
“A cognitive system as a whole, not only involve the ability to value, assimilate, and apply information at one end [11], but also the ability to store and recall memory [12] on another end.”
Background
Different encoding strategies affect retrieval of information in collaborative groups
Freuen, M. T. (2008) · Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University) · Cited by 2
Study on Collective Memory in the Blogosphere
Kim, Y. S., Lee, K., & Han, ". S. (2009) · doi:10.1109/cse.2009.57 · Cited by 2
“We also found that the communication between people increased as people interacted by exchanging information and providing new ones.”
Background
Evaluation of the effectiveness of cooperative learning structures in improving students' performance
Njenga, J. (2010) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.1607 · Cited by 2
Collaborative learning of new information in older age: a systematic reviewPreprint
Wolfe, K., Crompton, C. J., Hoffman, P., & MacPherson, S. E. (2022) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/tj4w7 · Cited by 2
Neural, psychological, and social foundations of collective memory: Implications for common mnemonic processes, agency, and identityPreprint
O’Mara, S. M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ugeh8 · Cited by 2
Culture and Memory
Wagoner, B., de Luna, I. B., & Awad, S. H. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190079741.003.0001 · Cited by 3
The Role of Nostalgia in Memorial Architecture Formation Barzani National Memorial in Kurdistan Region As A Case Study
Barakat, A. I., & Ali, A. F. (2023) · The Journal of The University of Duhok · doi:10.26682/csjuod.2023.26.2.30 · Cited by 1
Building Better Theories: Prediction Intervals as a Tool for Theory Testing and Improvement
Larson, J. R., Cornell, C. A., & Aramovich, N. P. (2024) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2024.2313533 · Cited by 1
“In the simulations reported here, a , b , and c were set to values that reproduced as closely as possible the average individual recall results reported by Weldon and Bellinger (1997, Exp. 1).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Transformation of Relationships with the Environment — Exploring Environmental Memories in Dakar
Juillard, L., Macia, E., Duboz, P., & Prévot, A. (2024) · Human Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10745-024-00514-4 · Cited by 1
“The influence of the group also modifies memories over time by contamination of individual memories, by misinformation (Loftus, 1979; Schooler & Loftus, 1993), and by collective inhibition (Basden et al., 1997; Loftus, 2005; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997).”
The More, the Merrier? A Study on Group Structure's Impact on Individual and Collective Memory
Xiao, Q., Luo, X., Chu, Y., Tang, W., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., & Liu, X. (2025) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.70064 · Cited by 1
Shared remembering as support against cognitive decline in aging and dementia
Harris, C. B., & Brookman, R. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102189 · Cited by 1
Visual literacy as a tool for personal and social transformation
Karaiskou, V. (2025) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980251388322 · Cited by 1
“In the same vein, the theory of ‘picture-superiority effect’ (Paivio, 1971; Weldon and Bellinger, 1997: 1162) points to the greater effectiveness of images, compared to words, in making abstract ideas concrete and in evoking strong emotional responses.”
Do emotional and social primers change the pessimism in collective future thinking? Testing the robustness of the collective negativity bias
Peña, T., & Rajaram, S. (2025) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-025-02799-y · Cited by 1
“The comparable patterns of collective negativity bias across conditions in our study are striking given collabo-rators’ influence on remembering (Weldon & Bellinger, 1997) and peers’ opinions on public policy (Sloman et al., 2021).”
Collective Memory Is More Than What We Remember: Quantifying Interconnections
Rajaram, S., Greeley, G. D., & Jin, J. (2026) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214251398487 · Cited by 1
“…a process of collaborative remembering in which members of a group work together to recall information they encountered earlier that activates many cognitive processes to shape recall (Basden et al., 1997; Rajaram & Pereira-Pasarin, 2010; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997; see also Bietti & Sutton, 2015).”
Punitiveness in the global east: Convict settler colonialism and attitudes to punishment in Kazakhstan
Slade, G. (2026) · Punishment & Society · doi:10.1177/14624745261474474 · Cited by 1
Learning from complex cognitive tasks: comparing groups to individuals
Kirschner, F., PAAS, F. G. W. C., & Kirschner, P. A. (2008) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 1
But is it social? How to tell when groups are more than the sum of their members
Brennan, A., & Enns, J. T. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15001302 · Cited by 1
Thinking in Societies and Cultures
Rai, T. S. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734689.013.0029 · Cited by 2
Bilişsel Psikoloji Bakış Açısından Sosyal Etkileşimin Toplumsal Bellek Üzerindeki Rolü
Mutlutürk, A. (2020) · Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies in Psychology · doi:10.26650/sp2019-0063 · Cited by 2
Is Exposure to the Memories of Others a Necessary Precondition for Collaborative Inhibition?
Ohaeri, J. O. (2021) · Advances in Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.5709/acp-0331-z · Cited by 1
“…e.g., Basden & Basden, 1995; Basden et al., 1997; Clark et al., 1990; Ekeocha & Brennan 2008; Finlay et al., 2000; Pereira-Pasarin & Rajaram, 2011; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997; Weldon et al., 2000; Wissman, 2020; Wright & Klumpp, 2004; see Harris et al., 2008; Rajaram & Pereira-Pasarin, 2010, for…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Memory
Roediger, H. L., III, & Yamashiro, J. K. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290876.008 · Cited by 1
Great minds think alike: New measures to quantify the similarity of recalls
Ortmann, A. F., Bixter, M. T., & Luhmann, C. C. (2023) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02174-6 · Cited by 1
“In recent years, researchers have started to investigate parallels and differences between individual and collective memories (e.g., Basden et al., 1997; Weldon & Bellinger, 1997; Marion & Thorley, 2016).”
Influential
Collaborative Identification of Haptic-Only Objects
Pearson, W., & Fraser, M. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69057-3_102 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, in other modalities groups have been found to perform significantly better than individuals in tasks identifying whether they have seen a given item before [13] and in free recall tasks, where people remember items without any cues [ 14 ].”
Background

Authors: Weldon, M. S., & Bellinger, K. D.
Affiliations: University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997-09
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 1160-1175
ISSN: 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
1939-1285
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.23.5.1160
OpenAlex: W2018734806
Cited by: 498
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 2.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: collective memory, collaborative recall, collaborative inhibition, picture superiority effect, levels of processing, hypermnesia, story recall, memory organization, social memory
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Individuality, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Mental Recall, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Learning, Writing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks