Cited by 500Memory Processes and InfluencesSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCognitive Functions and Memory

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Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering.

Weldon, Mary Susan, Bellinger, Krystal D.·1997·Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition

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Abstract

Two experiments compared collaborative and individual recall. In Experiment 1, participants encoded pictures and words with a deep or shallow processing task, then recalled them twice either individually or collaboratively. Collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups (pooled individuals), thus exhibiting collaborative inhibition. However, group recall appeared to be more stable over time than individual recall. Groups and individuals both showed a picture-superiority effect, a level-of-processing effect, and hypermnesia. In Experiment 2, participants recalled the story "War of the Ghosts" (from F. C. Bartlett, 1932), and again collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups. Both the individual and collaborative recalls were highly organized. There was evidence that the collaborative groups tended to rely on the best individual to a greater extent in story than in list recall. Possible social and cognitive mechanisms are considered.

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Authors: Weldon, M. S., & Bellinger, K. D.
Affiliations: University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1997-09
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 1160-1175
ISSN: 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
1939-1285
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.23.5.1160
OpenAlex: W2018734806
Cited by: 498
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 2.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: collective memory, collaborative recall, collaborative inhibition, picture superiority effect, levels of processing, hypermnesia, story recall, memory organization, social memory
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Individuality, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Mental Recall, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Learning, Writing

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks