Central bottleneck influences on the processing stages of word production.
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Does producing a word slow performance of a concurrent, unrelated task? In 2 experiments, 108 participants named pictures and discriminated tones. In Experiment 1, pictures were named after cloze sentences; the durations of the word-production stages of lemma and phonological word-form selection were manipulated with high- and low-constraint cloze sentences and high- and low-frequency-name pictures, respectively. In Experiment 2, pictures were presented with simultaneous distractor words; the durations of lemma and phoneme selection were manipulated with conceptually and phonologically related distractors. All manipulations, except the phoneme-selection manipulation, delayed tone-discrimination responses as much as picture-naming responses. These results suggest that early word-production stages--lemma and phonological word-form selection--are subject to a central processing bottleneck, whereas the later stage--phoneme selection--is not.
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Both listening and speaking require some attention.
“numerous studies have shown that both listening and speaking require some attention.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Ferreira & Pashler, 2002
Under dual-task conditions, performance in the linguistic and/or motor task is typically worse than when each task is performed alone.
“Under such dual-task conditions performance in the linguistic or/and motor task is typically worse than when each task is performed by itself.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Ferreira & Pashler, 2002
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- Authors
- Ferreira, V. S., & Pashler, H.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
- Published
- 2002
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1187-1199
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- PMC
- PMC1864932
- OpenAlex
- W2172070061
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH64733, R01MH064733, R01 MH45584, R01MH045584)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- word production, central bottleneck, processing stages, picture naming, tone discrimination, lemma selection, phoneme selection, distractor interference, dual-task performance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Concept Formation, Female, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Phonetics, Pitch Discrimination, Reaction Time, Reading, Mental Recall, Semantics, Speech Production Measurement, Verbal Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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