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Cited by 85Language, Discourse, Communication StrategiesNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismPhonetics and Phonology Research

Variation in dual-task performance reveals late initiation of speech planning in turn-taking

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Sjerps, Matthias J., Meyer, Antje S.·2015·Cognition
DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.10.008
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Abstract

The smooth transitions between turns in natural conversation suggest that speakers often begin to plan their utterances while listening to their interlocutor. The presented study investigates whether this is indeed the case and, if so, when utterance planning begins. Two hypotheses were contrasted: that speakers begin to plan their turn as soon as possible (in our experiments less than a second after the onset of the interlocutor's turn), or that they do so close to the end of the interlocutor's turn. Turn-taking was combined with a finger tapping task to measure variations in cognitive load. We assumed that the onset of speech planning in addition to listening would be accompanied by deterioration in tapping performance. Two picture description experiments were conducted. In both experiments there were three conditions: (1) Tapping and Speaking, where participants tapped a complex pattern while taking over turns from a pre-recorded speaker, (2) Tapping and Listening, where participants carried out the tapping task while overhearing two pre-recorded speakers, and (3) Speaking Only, where participants took over turns as in the Tapping and Speaking condition but without tapping. The experiments differed in the amount of tapping training the participants received at the beginning of the session. In Experiment 2, the participants' eye-movements were recorded in addition to their speech and tapping. Analyses of the participants' tapping performance and eye movements showed that they initiated the cognitively demanding aspects of speech planning only shortly before the end of the turn of the preceding speaker. We argue that this is a smart planning strategy, which may be the speakers' default in many everyday situations.

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  • In Sjerps and Meyer (2015), eye movements showed that participants usually only started to look at their own quadruple and began to plan the utterance when the interlocutor was about to name the last of the four objects.

    “Their eye movements showed that they usually only started to look at their own quadruple and began to plan the utterance when the interlocutor was about to name the last of the four objects.”

    From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Sjerps and Meyer, 2015

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Authors
Sjerps, M. J., & Meyer, A. S.
Affiliations
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author
Sjerps, Matthias J.
ORCID
Venue
Cognition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-03
Volume
136
Pages
304-324
ISSN
0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cognition.2014.10.008
OpenAlex
W2056260427
Cited by
85
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7
FWCI
35.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
Keywords
turn-taking, speech preparation, utterance planning, dual-task performance, cognitive load, finger tapping, picture description, eye movements, conversation
MeSH terms
Cognition, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Speech, Speech Perception, Visual Perception, Young Adult

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