The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Loneliness is a unique predictor of age-related differences in systolic blood pressure.
Abstract
A population-based sample of Caucasians, African Americans, and Latino Americans, 50-68 years of age (M = 57.5), from Cook County, Illinois (N = 229), was tested to examine how loneliness and co-occurring psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, perceived stress, social support, and hostility) were related to indices of cardiovascular and endocrine functioning. Extending prior research, the authors found that loneliness was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and age-related increases in SBP, net of demographic variables, health behavior variables, and the remaining psychosocial factors. Loneliness was not associated with differences in autonomic or endocrine functioning. Although the results are limited by the cross-sectional methods used, they are consistent with the hypothesis that cardiovascular disease contributes to increased morbidity and mortality among lonely individuals.
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity (Hawkley et al., 2009) and increased blood pressure in older adults (Hawkley et al., 2009, 2006).”
From Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging (2015) · cites this paper as Hawkley et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Similarly, loneliness was associated with increased systolic blood pressure in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults [21]”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“To date, loneliness has not been shown to correlate with SNS activity at the myocardium (i.e., pre-ejection period [21, 56]) but was associated with a greater concentration of epinephrine in overnight urine samples in a middle-aged and older adult sample [21].”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The association between loneliness and elevated SBP was exaggerated in older relative to younger lonely adults in this sample [21], suggesting an accelerated physiological decline in lonely relative to nonlonely individuals.”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“loneliness was associated with elevated SBP in an elderly convenience sample [49], and in a population-based sample of 50–68-year-old adults in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study [21].”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Beyond what is predicted by objective isolation, perceived isolation predicts greater vascular resistance,26 elevated blood pressure,27,28 morning rise in cortisol,29 less salubrious sleep,28,30 and sedentary lifestyles.31”
From Social isolation (2011) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“even just the perception of isolation (colloquially referred to as loneliness) is associated with poor physical and mental health10,11 and higher mortality rates6,8,12,13.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“There is mounting support for the notion that subjective or “perceived” isolation (the quality of social relationships) is a stronger predictor of poor health and emotional state in humans than objective isolation (the number/frequency of social contacts)11,62,146.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Consistent with this, loneliness—independent of social network size—is associated with higher mortality13,193 increased blood pressure11,194, higher rate of diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, emphysema195, and Alzheimer’s disease196, along with poor health habits stemming from a lack of self-control197,198.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“In humans, perceived social isolation predicts a poor outcome in numerous physical and mental health-related measures, entirely independent of the level of objective isolation (Adam et al., 2006, Cacioppo et al., 2006, Hawkley et al., 2006, Wen et al., 2006).”
From Dorsal raphe dopamine neurons represent the experience of social isolation (2016) · cites this paper as Hawkley et al., 2006
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“Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), although critical for metabolism and regulation of immune function, have been associated with the development and/or exacerbation of hypertension (Van Uum, Lender, & Hermus, 2004; Whitworth, Brown, Kelly, & Williamson, 1995), diabetes, depressive symptomatology, and cognitive decline…”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8 · Cited by 4,782
“Hawkley LC, Hughes ME, Waite LJ, et al. From social structure factors to perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness: The Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study.”
InfluentialSelf-citationPerceived social isolation and cognition
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 · Cited by 2,144
Self-citationA Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness
Masi, C. M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310377394 · Cited by 1,995
Self-citationSocial disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults
Cornwell, E. Y., & Waite, L. J. (2009) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650905000103 · Cited by 2,027
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0017216 · Cited by 1,757
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hawkley, L. C., Masi, C. M., Berry, J. D., & Cacioppo, J. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 152-164
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2122524132
- Cited by
- 488
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 13.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Aging (PO1 AG18911)
- Templeton Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- loneliness, systolic blood pressure, age-related blood pressure increase, cardiovascular risk, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, social support, hostility, autonomic function, endocrine function, psychosocial factors, older adults, racial and ethnic differences
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Blood Pressure, Catecholamines, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Creatinine, Demography, Depression, Electrocardiography, Female, Hostility, Humans, Hypertension, Loneliness, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Stress, Psychological
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