Cited by 1,102Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild Abuse and Trauma

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Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire.

Kubany, Edward S., Leisen, Mary Beth, Kaplan, Aaron S., Watson, Susan B., Haynes, Stephen N., Owens, Julie A., Burns, Katie·2000·Psychological Assessment

DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.12.2.210

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Abstract

This article describes the development and preliminary validation of a brief questionnaire that assesses exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic events. Items were generated from multiple sources of information. Events were described in behaviorally descriptive terms, consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV posttraumatic stress disorder stressor criterion A1. When events were endorsed, respondents were asked if they experienced intense fear, helplessness, or horror (stressor criterion A2). In separate studies with college students, Vietnam veterans, battered women, and residents of a substance abuse program, most items possessed adequate to excellent temporal stability. In a study comparing questionnaire and structured-interview inquiries of trauma history, the 2 formats yielded similar rates of disclosure. Preliminary data on positive predictive power are also presented.

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Assessment of Psychological Distress and Disability After Sexual Assault in Adults
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Method
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“The Life Events Inventory Questionnaire is a selfreport questionnaire comprising 15 items on adverse events, which was modified from Kubany et al. (2000).”
Method
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“Modeling was performed in MPlus using the WLSMV robust estimator Table 1 Descriptive statistics PTE Potentially Traumatic Event, TLEQ Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, BFI-15 Big Five Inventory-15, ASI-3 Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-3, DTS Distress Tolerance Scale, SCL-90 Symptom Checklist-90 All Women Men Variabl…”
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Background
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Method
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Method
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Background
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“CTQ=Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; TLEQ=Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire a Non-Caucasian participants consisted of 47 African-Americans and 1 Native-American. b Count of events evoking fear, helplessness, or horror * p < .05.”
MethodInfluential
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Method
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BackgroundInfluential
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“The Traumatic-Stressful Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ) [48] measures exposure to stressful life events.”
Background
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Method
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BackgroundMethod
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“The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ©; Kubany et al., 2000) is a 22-item self-report questionnaire that assesses a range of traumatic experiences consistent with the DSM–IV–TR definition, including the subjective responses that compose Criterion A.2.”
MethodInfluential
Examining Minority Attrition Among Women in Longitudinal Trauma Research
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Method
Parenting‐related trauma exposure among parents of children with intellectual and developmental disorders: Development and validation of the Parenting Trauma Checklist
Xiong, T., McGrath, P. J., Yakovenko, I., Thomson, D., & Kaltenbach, E. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22779 · Cited by 15
Assessing post-traumatic stress symptoms in a Latino prison population
Caraballo, J. N., Pérez-Pedrogo, C., & Albizu‐García, C. E. (2013) · International Journal of Prisoner Health · doi:10.1108/ijph-02-2013-0004 · Cited by 17
“…Mississippi scale for PTSD (Keane et al., 1988), Penn inventory for PTSD (Hammarberg, 1992), post-traumatic diagnostic scale (Foa et al., 1997), Davidson trauma scale (DTS; Davidson et al., 1997), PTSD checklist (Weathers et al., 1993) traumatic life events questionnaire (Kubany et al., 2000a, b).”
Method
Potentially Traumatic Experiences, Academic Performance, and Psychological Distress: The Role of Shame
Lee, C. S., Anderson, J. R., & Klimes‐Dougan, B. (2016) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12060 · Cited by 14
Posttraumatic Stress and the Comprehension of Everyday Activity
Eisenberg, M. L., Sargent, J. Q., & Zacks, J. M. (2016) · Collabra · doi:10.1525/collabra.43 · Cited by 14
Revenge is sour, but is forgiveness sweet? Psychological health and cortisol reactivity among women with experiences of abuse
Ysseldyk, R., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317714319 · Cited by 14
“The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ; Kubany et al., 2000) assessed exposure to a range of traumatic events, including abuse.”
Background
Cognitive fusion and post-trauma functioning in veterans: Examining the mediating roles of emotion dysregulation
Cox, D. W., Motl, T. C., Bakker, A. M., & Lunt, R. A. (2018) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.02.002 · Cited by 13
Brief Counseling for Veterans with Musculoskeletal Disorder, Risky Substance Use, and Service Connection Claims
Rosen, M. I., Becker, W. C., Black, A. C., Martino, S., Edens, E. L., & Kerns, R. D. (2018) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pny071 · Cited by 15
Trauma and Sexual Risk: Do Men and Women Veterans Differ?
Combellick, J. L., Dziura, J. D., Portnoy, G. A., Mattocks, K. M., Brandt, C., & Haskell, S. G. (2019) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.014 · Cited by 14
Posttraumatic Growth Reported by Emerging Adults: a Multigroup Analysis of the Roles of Attachment, Support, and Coping
Schmidt, S. D., Blank, T., Bellizzi, K. M., & Park, C. L. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9670-0 · Cited by 13
“…nine categories were selected based on a review of the events used in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (American Psychiatric Association 2005) to define a traumatic event and items included on the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ, Kubany et al. 2000).”
Method
Negative urgency, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol risk in college students
Hallihan, H., Bing‐Canar, H., Paltell, K. C., & Berenz, E. C. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100480 · Cited by 15
Health Outcomes of Sexual Minority Women Who Have Experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review
Bochicchio, L. A., Porsch, L., Zollweg, S. S., Matthews, A. K., & Hughes, T. L. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231162973 · Cited by 14
“…Simpson, 2014; Yuan et al., 2014), one study used CSA questions from Long (1999)’s Life Experiences Questionnaire (Gold et al., 2011), another used Kubany et al.’s (2000) Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (Gilmore et al., 2014), one used the Conflict Tactics Scale developed by Strauss (1990)…”
Method
Holocaust centrality, anxiety, and other risk factors associated with terror threat salience among descendants of Holocaust survivors
Greenblatt‐Kimron, L., Shrira, A., Ben‐Ezra, M., & Palgi, Y. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102908 · Cited by 13
Drug use and childhood-, military- and post-military trauma exposure among women and men veterans
Kelley, M. L., Brancu, M., Robbins, A. T., D’Lima, G. M., Strauss, J. L., Curry, J. F., Fairbank, J. A., & Runnals, J. J. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.038 · Cited by 13
The costs of implementing and sustaining a trauma and mental health screening tool in a state child welfare system
Butcher, R. L., Jankowski, M. K., & Slade, E. D. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105011 · Cited by 13
Neurophysiological responses to safety signals and the role of cardiac vagal control
Seligowski, A. V., Reffi, A. N., Phillips, K. A., Orcutt, H. K., Auerbach, R. P., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Ressler, K. J. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112914 · Cited by 13
“Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ; [47]) is a brief measure of trauma exposure.”
Background
Past Trauma Is Associated With a Higher Risk of Experiencing an Epileptic Seizure as Traumatic in Patients With Pharmacoresistant Focal Epilepsy
Mariotti, S., Valentin, D., Ertan, D., Maillard, L. G., Tarrada, A., Chrusciel, J., Sanchez, S., Schwan, R., Vignal, J., Tyvaert, L., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.669411 · Cited by 16
“The experience of traumas other than epilepsy was evaluated using the Traumatic Life Event Questionnaire (TLEQ) (24).”
Method
Postdeployment Suicidal Ideations and Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Danish Soldiers
Madsen, T., Karstoft, K., Bertelsen, M., & Andersen, S. B. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08910 · Cited by 13
Prescription Headache Medication in OEF/OIF Veterans: Results From the W omen V eterans C ohort S tudy
Seng, E. K., Driscoll, M., Brandt, C., Bathulapalli, H., Goulet, J. L., Silliker, N., Kerns, R. D., & Haskell, S. G. (2013) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12155 · Cited by 13
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Homeless Young Adults: The Importance of Victimization Experiences in Childhood and Once Homeless
Kim, Y., Bender, K., Ferguson, K. M., Begun, S., & DiNitto, D. M. (2017) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426617710239 · Cited by 17
“Victimization once homeless was measured using the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ; Kubany et al., 2000).”
Method
Clinician‐rated and self‐reported psychotic‐like experiences in individuals accessing a specialist Youth Mental Health Service
Hodgekins, J., Lower, R., Wilson, J., Cole, H. E., Ugochukwu, U., Maxwell, S., & Fowler, D. (2018) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12178 · Cited by 14
Developmental delay in communication among toddlers and its relationship to caregiving behavior among violence-exposed, posttraumatically stressed mothers
Torrisi, R., Arnautovic, E., Perizzolo, V. C., Vital, M., Manini, A., Suardi, F., Gex‐Fabry, M., Serpa, S. R., & Schechter, D. S. (2018) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.008 · Cited by 13
The role of prenatal posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma exposed women in predicting postpartum depression
Grekin, R., Thomas, E. B. K., Miller, M. L., & O’Hara, M. W. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3100 · Cited by 14
Age of alcohol use initiation and psychiatric symptoms among young adult trauma survivors
Berenz, E. C., McNett, S., Rappaport, L. M., Vujanovic, A. A., Viana, A. G., Dick, D. M., & Amstadter, A. B. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.022 · Cited by 12
“The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ; Kubany et al., 2000) is a 23-item self-report measure assessing whether and when participants experienced a range of traumatic events (e.g., natural disaster, assault, accidents, illness/injury) and how many times each event occurred.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Two-generational trauma-informed assessment improves documentation and service referral frequency in a child protection program.
Kottenstette, S., Segal, R., Roeder, V., Rochford, H. I., Schnieders, E., Bayman, L., McKissic, D. A., Dahlberg, G. J., Krewer, R., Chambliss, J., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104327 · Cited by 11
Examination of a novel measure of trauma‐related drinking to cope
Hawn, S. E., Aggen, S. H., Cusack, S. E., Spit for Science Working Group, Dick, D. M., & Amstadter, A. B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22972 · Cited by 12
“The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ; Kubany et al., 2000) is a 23-item self-report questionnaire which assesses frequency and timing of a range of potentially traumatic events (e.g., natural disaster, assault, accidents, illness/injury).”
BackgroundInfluential
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation in World Trade Center responders: Results from a population-based health monitoring cohort
Gibson, R., Whealin, J. M., Dasaro, C. R., Udasin, I. G., Crane, M., Moline, J. M., Harrison, D. J., Luft, B. J., Todd, A. C., Schechter, C. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.011 · Cited by 15
Comparative effectiveness of cognitive and dynamic therapies for major depressive disorder in a community mental health setting: study protocol for a randomized non-inferiority trial
Gibbons, M. B. C., Mack, R. A., Lee, J. S., Gallop, R., Thompson, D., Burock, D., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (2014) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-014-0047-y · Cited by 14
“The TLEQ demonstrates good temporal stability, discriminant validity, and construct validity across all subscales (Kubany et al. 2000).”
Background
Work Outcomes After Benefits Counseling Among Veterans Applying for Service Connection for a Psychiatric Condition
Rosen, M. I., Ablondi, K. M., Black, A. C., Mueller, L. N., Serowik, K. L., Martino, S., Mobo, B. H., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2014) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300478 · Cited by 12
Benzodiazepine Exposure and History of Trauma
Sansone, R. A., Hruschka, J., Vasudevan, A. R., & Miller, S. N. (2003) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.44.6.523 · Cited by 12
Genetic predictors of hippocampal subfield volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls
Morey, R. A., Garrett, M. E., Stevens, J. S., Clarke‐Rubright, E. K., Haswell, C. C., van Rooij, S. J. H., Fani, N., Lori, A., Workgroup, V. M.-A. M., Kimbrel, N. A., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1785994 · Cited by 12
“Participants were evaluated for PTSD, trauma exposure, and other psychiatric comorbidities (Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, TLEQ (Kubany et al., 2000b)), combat exposure (Combat Exposure Scale, CES (Lund, Foy, Sipprelle, & Strachan, 1984b)), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression…”
MethodInfluential

Authors: Kubany, E. S., Leisen, M. B., Kaplan, A. S., Watson, S. B., Haynes, S. N., Owens, J. A., & Burns, K.
Affiliations: United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Venue: Psychological Assessment
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 210-224
ISSN: 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
1939-134X
DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.12.2.210
OpenAlex: W1987849657
Cited by: 1,102
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 50
FWCI: 6.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: trauma exposure, potentially traumatic events, post-traumatic stress disorder, questionnaire development, temporal stability, university students, Vietnam War veterans, battered women
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Reproducibility of Results, Trauma Severity Indices

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Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire.

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