Interchangeability of the Working Alliance Inventory and Working Alliance Inventory, Short Form.
Abstract
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) ratings were compared with ratings comprising the 12-item WAI, Short Form (WAI-S). Responses were collected from 54 university counseling center client-therapist pairs after the 4th therapy session as well as at a final ratings point. WAI and WAI-S scores were highly correlated and had comparable descriptive statistics, internal consistencies, and subscale intercorrelations within and across rater perspectives. Predictive validity estimates for WAI and WAI-S total scales were also very similar. Fourth-session WAI and WAI-S scores were moderately predictive of therapy improvement ratings. Results support the interchangeability of scores on the WAI and WAI-S scales.
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The WAI-S shows acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.83-0.98) and predictive validity related to therapy outcome.
“It shows acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.83–0.98) [57] and predictive validity related to therapy outcome [57,58,59].”
From A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
Busseri and Tyler have shown that the WAI and WAI-S correlate highly in terms of psychometric and predictive qualities and are interchangeable.
“Busseri and Tyler [28] have shown that the two versions correlate highly in terms of their psychometric and predictive qualities and are thus interchangeable.”
From Does the Quality of the Working Alliance Predict Treatment Outcome in Online Psychotherapy for Traumatized Patients? (2006) · cites this paper as [28]
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“: The WAI is a 12-item participant selfreport measure assessing the working alliance in the counseling relationship (55, 56) using a 7-point Likert-type scale (1=never, 7=always).”
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- Authors
- Busseri, M. A., & Tyler, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Dakota (US)
- ORCID
- Busseri, Michael A.
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-197
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W2049589547
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Working Alliance Inventory, therapeutic relationship, counseling center clients, short-form scale, predictive validity, internal consistency
- MeSH terms
- Counseling, Humans, Professional-Patient Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires
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