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Affects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery.
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“the guidelines of Velicer and Fava (1998) about the size of the factor loadings and the number of variables as a function of the sample size are pertinent in CFA/SEM too.”
From Applied Psychometrics: Sample Size and Sample Power Considerations in Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in General (2018) · cites this paper as Velicer and Fava (1998)
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“The N: p ratio of this analysis was 89.5, higher than the one recom - mended in previous literature to achieve a good factorial recovery (e.g., Gorsuch, 1983; Velicer & Fava, 1998).”
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“Considering the criterion proposed by Raubenheimer (2004) and Velicer and Fava (1998), which suggests that each factor should have at least three items, it can be concluded that each factor in the developed scale contains a sufficient number of items.”
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“For example, several studies have claimed that multiple observations are needed per variable when applying factor-based methods (for an overview, see Velicer & Fava, 1998).”
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“…for all factors with the exception of two (≤ 2), so it was decided to reduce the number of factors to 8 to avoid an incorrect interpretation of results (Arrindell & van der Ende, 1985; MacCallum, Widaman, Preacher, & Hong, 2001; MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang, & Hong, 1999; Velicer & Fava, 1998).”
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“The sample size exceeded the recommended minimum limit of 200 people (MacCallum et al., 1999) and the ratio of (10:1) people per item (Velicer & Fava, 1998).”
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“Other recommendations suggest ideal ratios of participants per item, and they range from a minimum of three participants per item (Velicer & Fava, 1998) to ten participants per item (Gorsuch, 1983).”
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“ce of large communalities in 6 diminishing the effects of small datasets for performing FA has been already pointed out in a series of studies (e.g. Pennell, 1968; Velicer, Peacock and Jackson, 1982; Velicer and Fava, 1998). MacCallum, Widaman, Preacher and Hong (2001) added to the previous analyses by showing that co…”
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“Factors with two or fewer loaded items were not considered interpretable (Velicer & Fara, 1998).”
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“TROLL= Teacher Rating of Oral Language and Literacy. https://doi.org/10.12963/csd.19590 http://www.e-csd.org 53 수의 공유치(communalities)가 높다면 상대적으로 적은 수의 표본 으로도 통계적으로 유의한 요인을 추출할 수 있다는 선행연구(MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang, & Hong, 1999; Velicer & Fava, 1998)를 바탕으로 74명의 표본으로 요인분석을 실시하였다.”
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“A couple years later, Velicer and Fava (1998) published another highly cited paper where they conducted a simulation study to investigate what conditions affected the ability to recover an accurate factor pattern.”
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Asan, A. (2017) · UTHM Institutional Repository (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia)
Charlebois, C. (2020) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Velicer, W. F., & Fava, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Methods
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 231-251
- ISSN
- 1082-989X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1463
- OpenAlex
- W2014533626
- Cited by
- 998
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 11.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Methods (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- variable sampling, sample size, factor analysis
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