Trauma/grief-focused group psychotherapy: School-based postwar intervention with traumatized Bosnian adolescents.
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“Trauma Intervention:”
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“Similarly, even among children experiencing specific forms of trauma, such as sexual abuse, some groups face higher risk than others for adverse psychiatric outcomes, based on heterogeneity in exposure to other risks (Lynskey and Fergusson 1997).”
BackgroundMental health interventions in schools in low-income and middle-income countries
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“127 Treatments focused on single disorders may therefore have limited application; what is likely needed, instead, is a stepped-care model that entails treatment components for multiple types of psychological problems, 59,88,128 including acute psychiatric problems.”
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“Layne et al. (2001) emphasized that educators should ask, “Is this the best program for this population at this point in time, given the resources available?””
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“In Bosnia, a noncontrolled study has shown preliminary evidence for the efficacy of school-based group psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), grief, and depressive reactions for 15- to 19-year-olds.(10) Furthermore, a randomized controlled trial has shown promising results for 5-yearolds by working wi…”
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“Eleven studies show patterns of positive treatment effects primarily reported as symptom reduction and/or increased protective factors (Stichick-Betancourt, 2005; Woodside, Santa Barbara, & Benner, 1999; Bolton et al., 2007; Dybdahl, 2001a; Gordon et al., 2004; Layne et al., 2001; Cox et al., 2007; Loughry et al., 200…”
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“, 1998) and initial noncontrolled effectiveness studies of trauma/grief-focused group psychotherapy in adolescents (Layne et al., 2001).”
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“A score >23 is indicative of moderate PTSD. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 1991) is one of the most widely used parent report measures to assess child emotional and behavioral difficulties.”
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“[28].”
InfluentialPsychosocial interventions for maltreated and violence-exposed children
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“Childhood Traumatic Grief is described as a condition in which children whose significant others die in subjectively traumatic circumstances develop PTSD and other trauma symptoms which impinge on the typical tasks of childhood grieving (Cohen, Mannarino, Greenberg, Padlo, & Shipley, 2002; Layne et al., 2001).”
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“%) develop a syndrome separate and distinct from normal bereavement reactions (Dillen, Fontaine, & Verhofstadt-Deneve, 2009; Layne et al., 2001; Melhem et al., 2008) that corresponds to some, but not all, of the criteria proposed for an adult Bereavement-Related Disorder as laid out in the Appendix.”
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“For example, participation in school-based interventions in the former Yugoslavia correlated with significant reductions in post-traumatic stress, depression, and grief symptoms (Layne et al., 2001; Saltzman, Layne, Sternberg, Arslangic, & Pynoos, 2003).”
BackgroundPreventive interventions among children exposed to trauma of armed conflict: a literature review
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“Table I shows that the available evidence on preventive interventions among children in armed conflicts is typically based on Grade 6, indicating pre- and post-evaluations of changes in symptoms or other relevant outcomes in only one intervention group [Barath, 2000; Brown et al., 2006; Layne et al., 2001; Möhlen et a…”
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“Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms that make it difficult for children to fully benefit from educational and training opportunities (Layne et al. 2001).”
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“However, teachers and parents did not observe this decrease in behavioural problems (Layne et al., 2001).”
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Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
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“Evidence for TGCT comes from one RCT (Layne et al., 2008), two quasi-experimental studies (Goenijian et al., 1997; Hoagwood & CATS Consortium, in press) and two open trials (Layne et al., 2001; Saltzman, Pynoos, Layne, Steinberg, & Aisenberg, 2001).”
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“Furthermore, there is a growing recognition that schools can play a central role in identifying traumatised children and in providing secondary prevention and mental health treatment following traumatic events (Chemtob, Nakashima, & Carlson, 2002; Chemtob, Nakashima, & Hamada, 2002; Klingman, 1993; Layne, Pynoos, Salt…”
BackgroundSaltzman, W. R., Layne, C. M., Steinberg, A. M., Arslanagić, B., & Pynoos, R. S. (2003) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(02)00099-8 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT for Children and Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis
Lewey, J. H., Smith, C. L., Burcham, B., Saunders, N. L., Elfallal, D., & O’Toole, S. K. (2018) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-018-0212-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Treating acute posttraumatic reactions in children and adolescents
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“There is emerging evidence for the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioural interventions (Layne et al., 2001; Ehntholt, Smith, & Yule, 2005; Möhlen, Parzer, Resch, & Brunner, 2005; Berger, Pat-Horenczyk, & Gelkopf, 2007; Tol et al., 2008; Peltonen & Punamaki, 2010), and to a lesser extent, Narrative Exposure Therapy (…”
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“…of trauma–exposed populations (e.g., Falsetti, Resnick, & Lawyer, 2006; Foy et al., 2001; Ruzek, Young, & Walser, 2003) and more specifically, the group–based treatment of trauma–exposed child and adolescent populations (Fayyad et al., 2004; Layne et al., 2001a; Layne, Pynoos, & Cardenas, 2001a).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationKamali, M., Munyuzangabo, M., Siddiqui, F. J., Gaffey, M. F., Meteke, S., Als, D., Jain, R., Radhakrishnan, A., Shah, S., Ataullahjan, A., et al. (2020) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002014 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Gurwitch, R. H., Sitterle, K. A., Young, B. H., & Pfefferbaum, B. J. (2002) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10454-014 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gordon, J. S., Staples, J. K., Blyta, A., & Bytyqi, M. (2004) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/b:jots.0000022620.13209.a0 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
CATS Consortium (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20594 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Depression and PTSD symptoms among bereaved adolescents 6½ years after the 1988 spitak earthquake
Goenjian, A. K., Walling, D. P., Steinberg, A. M., Roussos, A., Goenjian, H. A., & Pynoos, R. S. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.006 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health Interventions for Children Exposed to Disasters and Terrorism
Pfefferbaum, B. J., Newman, E., & Nelson, S. D. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0061 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Posttraumatic stress, depression, and grief symptoms decreased in adolescents who participated in the intervention, with no significant differences for those who received full or partial treatment (Layne et al. 2001).”
Beardslee, W. R., Lester, P. E., Klosinski, L. E., Saltzman, W. R., Woodward, K. R., Nash, W. P., Mogil, C., Koffman, R. L., & Leskin, G. A. (2011) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-011-0234-5 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“The second preventive intervention strategy on which FOCUS was founded was the UCLA Trauma-Grief Intervention, a school-based, trauma-focused, cognitive-behavioral therapy program developed in post-war Bosnia for children and parents exposed to trauma and loss in war zones and other violent community settings (Layne e…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationKentor, R. A., & Kaplow, J. B. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30184-x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Resolving Child and Adolescent Traumatic Grief: Creative Techniques and Interventions
Edgar-Bailey, M., & Kress, V. E. W. (2010) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2010.485090 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“A combination of trauma-focused and grief-focused interventions demonstrate the largest reduction of PTSD and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with CTG symptoms (Layne et al., 2001).”
BackgroundOutcome of cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents after natural disaster
Shooshtary, M. H., Panaghi, L., & Moghadam, J. A. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.011 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“The evaluation yielded preliminary but promising results, including reduced psychological distress and positive associations between distress reduction and psychosocial adaptation [ 16 ].”
ResultScreening and Assessing Immigrant and Refugee Youth in School-Based Mental Health Programs
Birman, D., & Chan, W. Y. (2008) · Issue Lab (Candid) · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Listen protect connect for traumatized schoolchildren: a pilot study of psychological first aid
Ramirez, M., Harland, K., Frederick, M., Shepherd, R., Wong, M., & Cavanaugh, J. E. (2013) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/2050-7283-1-26 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorders, Intervention studies, Schools, Child”
Persson, T. J., & Rousseau, C. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Howell, K. H., Barrett-becker, E. P., Burnside, A. N., Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., Layne, C. M., & Kaplow, J. B. (2015) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0198-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Recent studies suggest that bereaved children are at increased risk for psychological difficulties including maladaptive grief, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressed mood (Kaplow et al. 2010, 2012; Layne et al. 2001; Melhem et al. 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTreating Traumatized Children: Current Status and Future Directions
Cohen, J. (2005) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1300/j229v06n02_10 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Similarly, children experiencing single episode traumas, or adolescents exposed to war conditions have in open treatment trials appeared to respond well to group CBT interventions without parental treatment (Layne et al., 2001; March, Amaya-Jackson, Murray, & Schulte, 1998).”
BackgroundArmour, C., Elhai, J., Layne, C. M., Shevlin, M., Duraković-Belko, E., Djapo, N., & Pynoos, R. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.010 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationGrassetti, S. N., Herres, J. L., Williamson, A. A., Yarger, H. A., Layne, C. M., & Kobak, R. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.913249 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“were adapted from prior measures (Layne et al., 2001; Layne et al., 2008).”
InfluentialSelf-citationTraumatic Loss in Children and Adolescents
Mannarino, A. P., & Cohen, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.545048 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Impact of Terrorism on Children
Gurwitch, R. H., Pfefferbaum, B. J., & Leftwich, M. J. T. (2002) · Journal of Trauma Practice · doi:10.1300/j189v01n03_06 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Ooi, C. S., Rooney, R. M., Roberts, C. M., Kane, R. T., Wright, B. R., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01641 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Claycomb, M. A., Charak, R., Kaplow, J. B., Layne, C. M., Pynoos, R. S., & Elhai, J. D. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0107-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“…study of childhood traumatic grief (which consists of the encroachment of PTSD symptoms on adaptive grief reactions as defined by Cohen and Mannarino 2010) using the Extended Grief Inventory (EGI; Layne et al. 2001b) and extracted a large factor the authors labeled Childhood Traumatic Grief.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationLayne, C. M., Kaplow, J. B., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationFive Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid–Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence
Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., Friedman, M., Gersons, B. P. R., de Jong, J. T. V. M., Layne, C. M., et al. (2021) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2021.2005387 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationThe state of the evidence base for psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents.
Palmer, R., Nascimento, L., & Fonagy, P. (2013) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012.12.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Children and the Sphere standard on mental and social aspects of health
Morris, J. E., van Ommeren, M., Belfer, M. L., Saxena, S., & Saraceno, B. (2007) · Disasters · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00341.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Indeed, Slovenian mental health workers engaged with Bosnian child refugees have suggested that most of the mental health needs of an affected population may be addressed by non-mental health interventions that attend to basic needs, restoration of the rule of law, safety, security and human rights ( Kos and Derviskad…”
BackgroundThe Youth Readiness Intervention for War-Affected Youth
Newnham, E. A., McBain, R. K., Hann, K., Akinsulure‐Smith, A. M., Weisz, J. R., Lilienthal, G. M., Hansen, N. B., & Betancourt, T. S. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.020 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Trauma and Grief Component Therapy for Adolescents
Saltzman, W. R., Layne, C. M., Pynoos, R. S., Olafson, E., Kaplow, J. B., & Boat, B. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316443132 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring Adolescent Perceived Support Amidst War and Disaster
Layne, C. M., Warren, J. S., Hilton, S. C., Lin, D., Pašalić, A., Fulton, J. A., Pašalić, H., Katalinski, R., & Pynoos, R. S. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343359.003.0007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationNevo, G. A., & Manassis, K. (2005) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20123 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Three studies [Goenjian et al., 1997; Layne et al., 2001; Saltzman et al., 2001] used the same treatment: trauma/grief-focused group psychotherapy.”
BackgroundMethodPractice Parameter on Disaster Preparedness
Pfefferbaum, B. J., & Shaw, J. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.08.014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Mance, G. A., Mendelson, T., Byrd, B., Jones, J., & Tandon, D. (2010) · Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action · doi:10.1353/cpr.0.0112 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Strengthening classroom emotional support for children following a family member’s death
Heath, M. A., & Cole, B. V. (2011) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034311415800 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“…natural disasters (Evans & Oehler-Stinnett, 2006; Zeng & Silverstein, 2011); disease epidemics, such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS; Cluver, Gardner & Operario, 2007); and the devastation of war and ethnic cleansing in politically volatile countries (Layne et al., 2000, 2008).”
BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy for Symptoms of Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Refugee Youth
Murray, L. K., Cohen, J. A., Ellis, B. H., & Mannarino, A. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2008.02.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kaplow, J. B., Layne, C. M., Oosterhoff, B. J., Goldenthal, H., Howell, K. H., Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., Burnside, A. N., Calhoun, K., Marbury, D., Johnson-Hughes, L., et al. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22277 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, E. J., Mcquaid, J. H., Farina, L., Ali, R., & Gelles, A. W. (2006) · Education and Treatment of Children · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hoagwood, K., Vogel, J. M., LEVITT, J. M., D’Amico, P. J., PAISNER, W. I., & Kaplan, S. J. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3180413def · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sharf, A. J., Kimonis, E. R., & Howard, A. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9404-z · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Alpha coefficients have demonstrated high internal consistency (0.90; Layne et al. 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialValidation of the UCLA Child Post traumatic stress disorder-reaction index in Zambia
Murray, L. K., Bass, J., Chomba, E., Imasiku, M. L., Thea, D. M., Semrau, K. E. A., Cohen, J. A., Lam, C., & Bolton, P. A. (2011) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/1752-4458-5-24 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Layne CM, Saltzman WR, Arslanagic B, et al: Trauma/grief focused group psychotherapy: school-based postwar intervention with traumatized Bosnian adolescents.”
Efficacy of a Camp-Based Intervention for Childhood Traumatic Grief
McClatchey, I. S., Vonk, M. E., & Palardy, G. J. (2008) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731508314276 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid-Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence
Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., Friedman, M., Gersons, B. P. R., de Jong, J. T. V. M., Layne, C. M., et al. (2009) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.7.2.foc221 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationFocus on Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health
DelBello, M. P. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0101 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Restorative Retelling for Violent Loss: An Open Clinical Trial
Saindon, C., Rheingold, A. A., Baddeley, J. L., Wallace, M. M., Brown, C., & Rynearson, E. K. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2013.783654 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Treatment participants experienced reductions in PTSD symptoms, complicated grief, and (in the case of Layne et al., 2001) depressive symptoms as well as improvements in grades.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNeuroendocrine factors distinguish juvenile psychopathy variants
Kimonis, E. R., Goulter, N., Hawes, D. J., Wilbur, R. R., & Groer, M. E. (2016) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21473 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Brief multi-disciplinary treatment for torture survivors in Nepal: a naturalistic comparative study
Tol, W. A., Komproe, I. H., Jordans, M. J. D., Thapa, S. B., Sharma, B., & De Jong, J. T. V. M. (2009) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764008091525 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Schnurr and Rothbaum (cited in Layne et al., 2001) suggest an evolutionary blueprint for the development of trauma treatments that starts with controlled studies with targeted outcomes after which progressively more specialized research designs evaluate specifi c treatment components.”
BackgroundLessons from writing sessions: a school-based randomized trial with adolescent orphans in Rwanda
Unterhitzenberger, J., & Rosner, R. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.24917 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Layne et al. (2001, 2008) reported reduced symptoms of PG in their schoolbased projects using a very structured, intense, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-) focused approach.”
MethodFacing Fears and Sadness: Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Traumatic Grief
Brown, E., Pearlman, M., & Goodman, R. F. (2004) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220490509516 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
- Authors
- Layne, C. M., Pynoos, R. S., Saltzman, W. R., Arslanagić, B., Black, M., Savjak, N., Popović, T., Duraković, E., Mušić, M., Ćampara, N., Djapo, N., & Houston, R.
- Venue
- Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 277-290
- ISSN
- 1089-2699 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7802
- OpenAlex
- W2170666506
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- school-based intervention, adolescents, war trauma, grief
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