The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward an Understanding of the Determinants of Anger.
Abstract
Research bearing on several popular conceptions of the major determinants of anger arousal indicates that the particular appraisals often identified as causes of anger frequently only serve to affect the intensity of the anger that is generated. Research into effects of physical pain or other physically unpleasant conditions or involving social stresses suggests that decidedly aversive conditions are a major spur to anger. Experiments are also reviewed showing that anger-related muscular movements can also lead to anger-related feelings, memories, cognitions, and autonomic responses. Alternative explanations for the findings are discussed. The authors urge emotion theorists to widen their methodology and analyses so that they give careful, detailed attention to the many different factors that can influence anger.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, L. (1957) · doi:10.1515/9781503620766 · Cited by 24,241
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
The Cognitive Structure of Emotions
Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571299 · Cited by 6,208
Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion.
Russell, J. A. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.1.145 · Cited by 6,113 · cited 2×
“Along with other formulations (e.g., Leventhal, 1984; Leventhal & Scherer, 1987; Russell, 2003; Scherer, 2001a; Smith & Kirby, 2000, 2001), CNA is a multistage, multiprocess model proposing that there can be different reactions to the intensely aversive event, depending on what processes are in operation.”
BackgroundBem, D. J. (1972) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60024-6 · Cited by 5,241 · cited 3×
“, 1989; Laird & Bresler, 1992) have consistently interpreted findings such as these in keeping with Bem’s (1972) self-perception perspective. The persons assuming an emotionlike expression on their faces, in their body posture, or both presumably detected the muscular changes that had come about and then automatically…”
ResultInfluentialThe principles of psychology, Vol I.
James, W. (1890) · doi:10.1037/10538-000 · Cited by 4,514
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
The unbearable automaticity of being
Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.462 · Cited by 3,699 · cited 1×
“There is now increasing evidence that one individual's emotion-related bodily movements can at times trigger that emotion in other persons (see Bargh & Chartrand, 1999; and Neumann & Strack, 2000, for a summary of relevant research).”
BackgroundEmotion knowledge: further exploration of a prototype approach
Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O'Connor, C. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061 · Cited by 3,072
Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness
Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & ter Schure, E. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.212 · Cited by 2,379
Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation.
Berkowitz, L. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59 · Cited by 2,283
Self-citationA Bio‐Informational Theory of Emotional Imagery
Lang, P. J. (1979) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x · Cited by 1,750 · cited 1×
“Such a view is compatible with other formulations of emotional states as constellations or networks of particular physiological patterns, behavioral tendencies , and cognitions (e.g., Bradley & Lang, 2000; Izard, 1991; Lang, 1979; see also Herrald & Tomaka, 2002).”
BackgroundAppraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions
Smith, C. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1993) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939308409189 · Cited by 1,302
(1984) · doi:10.4324/9781315798806-24 · Cited by 1,061
The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy.
Leventhal, H., & Scherer, K. (1987) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699938708408361 · Cited by 832
The language of emotions: An analysis of a semantic field
Johnson-laird, P. N., & Oatley, K. (1989) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699938908408075 · Cited by 736
Minor studies of aggression: VI. Correlation of lynchings with economic indices
Hovland, C. I., & Sears, R. R. (1940) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1940.9917696 · Cited by 366 · cited 1×
“Basically corroborating the findings originally reported by Hovland and Sears (1940) and supported by a more sophisticated reanalysis of the data conducted by Hepworth and West (1988, cited in Berkowitz, 2003), Green, Glaser, and Rich (1998) showed that there was a significant relationship between…”
ResultPhysical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion?
Riskind, J. H., & Gotay, C. C. (1982) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/bf00992249 · Cited by 342
The deliberate control of emotional experience through control of expressions
Duclos, S. E., & Laird, J. D. (2001) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930126057 · Cited by 113
Cited by
Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity
HUDDY, L., MASON, L., & AARØE, L. (2015) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000604 · Cited by 1,415
The Emotion Process: Event Appraisal and Component Differentiation
Scherer, K. R., & Moors, A. (2019) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011854 · Cited by 688
Malle, B. F., Guglielmo, S., & Monroe, A. E. (2014) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2014.877340 · Cited by 632
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2005) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00426.x · Cited by 588
The Discrete Emotions Questionnaire: a new tool for measuring state self-reported emotions
Harmon-Jones, C., Bastian, B., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159915 · Cited by 473
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Berkowitz, L., & Harmon-Jones, E.
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 107-130
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2132048656
- Cited by
- 606
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 23.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
