The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clearing the mind: A working memory model of distraction from negative mood.
Open accessAbstract
The present research examined whether and how loading working memory can attenuate negative mood. In three experiments, participants were exposed to neutral, weakly negative, or strongly negative pictures followed by a task and a mood scale. Working memory demands were varied by manipulating task presence (Study 1), complexity (Study 2), and predictability (Study 3). Participants in all three experiments reported less negative moods in negative trials with high compared to low working memory demand. Working memory demands did not affect mood in the neutral trials. When working memory demands were high, participants no longer reported more negative moods in response to strongly negative pictures than to weakly negative pictures. These findings suggest that loading working memory prevents mood-congruent processing, and thereby promotes distraction from negative moods.
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“This attentional demand minimizes anxiety by blocking intrusive thoughts (Van Dillen & Koole, 2007).”
From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Van Dillen & Koole, 2007
Citations
Cites
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.224 · Cited by 4,671 · cited 1×
“Notably, the present research focused on the regulation of negative mood, because of its relevance to understanding mood disorders like chronic anxiety and depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000) and because regulation of negative mood has received most attention in the emotion regulation literature (Gross, 1998).”
BackgroundThe role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.3.504 · Cited by 2,998
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416
Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system
Hariri, A. R., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Mazziotta, J. C. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200001170-00009 · Cited by 1,277
Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli
Bishop, S., Duncan, J., Brett, M., & Lawrence, A. D. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1173 · Cited by 940
Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction
Dolcos, F., & McCarthy, G. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5042-05.2006 · Cited by 663
Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645
Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood.
Rusting, C. L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.790 · Cited by 641 · cited 1×
“As such, the concept of distraction plays an important role in leading theories of emotion regulation (Bishop, Duncan, & Lawrence, 2004; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998; Trask & Sigmon, 1999).”
BackgroundThe cessation of rumination through self-affirmation.
Koole, S. L., Smeets, K., van Knippenberg, A., & Dijksterhuis, A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.111 · Cited by 403 · cited 1×
“Indeed, many individuals engage in prolonged negative ruminations when they would prefer to entertain more pleasant thoughts (Koole, Smeets, van Knippenberg, & Dijksterhuis, 1999; Kuhl, 1994; Martin & Tesser, 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe central executive: A concept and some misconceptions
BADDELEY, A. (1998) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561779800513x · Cited by 281
Mood Regulation and Memory: Repairing Sad Moods with Happy Memories
Josephson, B. R. (1996) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999396380222 · Cited by 265
The role of angry rumination and distraction in blood pressure recovery from emotional arousal
Gerin, W., Davidson, K. W., Christenfeld, N. J. S., Goyal, T., & Schwartz, J. E. (2006) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000195747.12404.aa · Cited by 259
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027600 · Cited by 2,006
Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review
Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003 · Cited by 1,753
“Purposeful attentional allocation towards neutral relative to unpleasant stimuli is akin to the concept of ‘distraction’ (Sheppes & Meiran, 2008; van Dillen & Koole, 2007).”
BackgroundThe psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review
Koole, S. L. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802619031 · Cited by 1,490
“For instance, after a romantic break-up, people may focus their attention on a neutral activity (Van Dillen & Koole, 2007 ), cognitively reframe the situation (Tugade & Frederickson, 2004 ), write about their feelings (Pennebaker & Chung, 2007 ), or eat away at tasty but fattening foods (Tice, Bratslavsky, & Baumeiste…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEmotion Regulation and Psychopathology
Sheppes, G., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739 · Cited by 1,214
Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence.
Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., Radu, P. T., Blechert, J., & Gross, J. J. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0030831 · Cited by 774
“A classic early selection strategy is distraction, which involves disengaging attention from emotional processing before it is represented in working memory by producing neutral thoughts that are independent from and not in conflict with emotional information (e.g., Van Dillen & Koole, 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Van Dillen, L. F., & Koole, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 715-723
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2106853024
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vu.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- working memory, negative mood, distraction, emotional pictures, task complexity, task predictability, mood regulation, cognitive load
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Mathematics, Memory, Short-Term, Self Efficacy
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