The DOI matches its Crossref record; 257 of the 261 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review
Open accessAbstract
What is compassion? And how did it evolve? In this review, we integrate 3 evolutionary arguments that converge on the hypothesis that compassion evolved as a distinct affective experience whose primary function is to facilitate cooperation and protection of the weak and those who suffer. Our empirical review reveals compassion to have distinct appraisal processes attuned to undeserved suffering; distinct signaling behavior related to caregiving patterns of touch, posture, and vocalization; and a phenomenological experience and physiological response that orients the individual to social approach. This response profile of compassion differs from those of distress, sadness, and love, suggesting that compassion is indeed a distinct emotion. We conclude by considering how compassion shapes moral judgment and action, how it varies across different cultures, and how it may engage specific patterns of neural activation, as well as emerging directions of research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although there are varying definitions of empathy and compassion, they are often considered related but distinct pro-social emotions that consist of cognitive and affective components and can be learned with practice (Bibeau, Dionne, & Leblanc, 2016; Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2010).”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Meditation on Empathy, Compassion, and Prosocial Behaviors (2018) · cites this paper as Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Love and compassion are self-transcendent emotions, a family of emotions that increase prosocial behavior (113, 114), perceptions of connectedness (115), and the tendency to transcend self-centered needs to focus on the needs of others (116).”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
In the citing paper
“The evolved value of caring for others had many potential advantages, including infant survival, survival of helpful relatives, indicating self as a desirable friend, as a sexual attractor and for cooperation [9, 54].”
From The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W. D. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7466396 · Cited by 20,065
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I
Hamilton, W. D. (1964) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 · Cited by 15,725
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement
Gouldner, A. W. (1960) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2092623 · Cited by 12,001
The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism
Trivers, R. L. (1971) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/406755 · Cited by 11,010
The descent of man and selection in relation to sex
チャールス, ダ., & 茂穂, 田. (1907) · Tokyo Jinrui Gakkai zasshi · doi:10.1537/ase1887.22.495 · Cited by 10,909
(1994) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,542
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
Davis, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113 · Cited by 10,272
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 261 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Blum L 1980 Compassion Rorty AO Explaining emotions 507 517 Berkeley University of California Press
- Bockover MI 1995 The concept of emotion revisited: A critical synthesis of Western and Confucian thought Marks J Ames RT Emotions in East Asian thought: A dialogue in comparative philosophy 161 180 Albany State University of New York Press
- Brown DE 1991 Human universals New York McGraw Hill
- Clore GL Ortony A 2008 Appraisal theories: How cognition shapes affect into emotion Lewis M Haviland-Jones JM Barrett LF Handbook of Emotions 3rd 628 642 New York Guilford Press
- de Silva P 1995 Theoretical perspectives on emotions in early Buddhism Marks J Ames RT Emotions in East Asian thought: A dialogue in comparative philosophy 109 122 Albany State University of New York Press
- Hatfield E Caccioppo JT Rapson RL 1993 Emotional contagion New York Cambridge University Press
- Izard CE 1977 Human emotions New York Plenum Press
- Kahneman D 1999 Objective happiness Kahneman D Diener E Schwarz N Hedonic psychology New York Cambridge University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,001
Emergency nurses' experiences of caring for survivors of intimate partner violence
van der Wath, A., van Wyk, N., & van Rensburg, E. J. (2013) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12099 · Cited by 46
Effects of compassionate thinking on negative emotions
Arimitsu, K., & Hofmann, S. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1078292 · Cited by 45
Krishnasamy, C., Ong, S. Y., Loo, M. E., & Thistlethwaite, J. E. (2019) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2019.1630731 · Cited by 49
Kanov, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492620929766 · Cited by 61
A Moral Theory of Public Service Motivation
Wang, T.-M., van Witteloostuijn, A. C., & Heine, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.517763 · Cited by 71
Exposure to social suffering in virtual reality boosts compassion and facial synchrony
Cohen, D., Landau, D. H., Friedman, D. A., Hasler, B. S., Levit‐Binnun, N., & Golland, Y. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106781 · Cited by 45
McCall, A., Wolfberg, A., Ivarsson, A., Dupont, G., Larocque, A., & Bilsborough, J. C. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01814-3 · Cited by 47
Pulcini, E. (2016) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073915615429 · Cited by 55
Feel, think, teach – Emotional Underpinnings of Approaches to Teaching in Higher Education
Kordts-Freudinger, R. (2017) · International Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.5430/ijhe.v6n1p217 · Cited by 45
Cappellen, P. V. (2017) · Psychology of Religion and Spirituality · doi:10.1037/rel0000101 · Cited by 45
Mindful Parenting: Strategi Membangun Pengasuhan Positif dalam Keluarga
Sofyan, I. (2019) · Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education · doi:10.26555/jecce.v1i2.241 · Cited by 45
Sahasranamam, S., Nandakumar, M. K., Pereira, V. E., & Temouri, Y. (2021) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2021.100833 · Cited by 46
Witvliet, C. V., Mohr, A. H., Hinman, N. G., & Knoll, R. W. (2014) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.941381 · Cited by 45
The Dark Triad and compassion: Psychopathy and narcissism's unique connections to observed suffering
Lee, S. A., & Gibbons, J. A. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.010 · Cited by 46
Acts of kindness reduce depression in individuals low on agreeableness.
Mongrain, M., Barnes, C., Barnhart, R., & Zalan, L. B. (2018) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000168 · Cited by 53
Steindl, S. R., Matos, M., & Creed, A. K. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9990-8 · Cited by 62
Hintsanen, M., Gluschkoff, K., Dobewall, H., Cloninger, C. R., Keltner, D. J., Saarinen, A. I. L., Wesołowska, K., Volanen, S., Raitakari, O. T., & Pulkki-Råbäck, L. (2018) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000633 · Cited by 49
Self-citationDevelopment and Validation of a Tool to Measure Patient Assessment of Clinical Compassion
Roberts, B. W., Roberts, M., Yao, J., Bosire, J., Mazzarelli, A. J., & Trzeciak, S. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3976 · Cited by 44
Cameron, C. D., & Payne, B. K. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611430334 · Cited by 44
Hiscox, M., Broukhim, M., & Litwin, C. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1811783 · Cited by 42
Kotera, Y., Lieu, J., Kirkman, A., Barnes, K., Liu, G. H. T., Jackson, J. E., Wilkes, J., & Riswani, R. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10081439 · Cited by 73
Lu, H., & Chu, H. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107761 · Cited by 49
Health-care Provider Compassionate Love and Women's Infertility Stressors
Willer, E. K. (2014) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637751.2014.940591 · Cited by 43
Kaplan, D. M., deBlois, M. E., Dominguez, V., & Walsh, M. E. (2016) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.06.001 · Cited by 47
International study on nurses’ views and experiences of compassion
Papadopoulos, I., Zorba, A., Koulouglioti, C., Ali, S., Aagard, M., Akman, Ö., Alpers, L., Apostolara, P., Biles, J. M., García, Á. M., et al. (2016) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.12298 · Cited by 43
A concept analysis of compassionate midwifery
Ménage, D., Bailey, E. A., Lees, S., & Coad, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13214 · Cited by 49
Climate change and disasters: The ethics of leadership
Crosweller, M., & Tschakert, P. (2019) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.624 · Cited by 47
Compassion and self-compassion: Construct and measurement
Elices, M., Carmona, C., Pascual, J. C., Feliu-Soler, A., Martin-Blanco, A., & Soler, J. (2017) · Mindfulness & Compassion · doi:10.1016/j.mincom.2016.11.003 · Cited by 42
Effect of compassion‐focused therapy on self‐criticism and self‐soothing: A meta‐analysis
Vidal, J., & Soldevilla, J. M. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12394 · Cited by 42
Understanding compassion for people with dementia in medical and nursing students
Bickford, B., Daley, S., Sleater, G., Hebditch, M., & Banerjee, S. (2019) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1460-y · Cited by 42
Exploring emotional and cognitive dynamics of Knowledge Building in grades 1 and 2
Zhu, G., Xing, W., Costa, S. A., Scardamalia, M., & Pei, B. (2019) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/s11257-019-09241-8 · Cited by 43
Ashraf, M. (2020) · Journal of Social Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/19420676.2019.1702580 · Cited by 42
Empathy and the liberal-conservative political divide in the U.S.
Morris, S. G. (2020) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v8i1.1102 · Cited by 42
Zumeta, L. N., Castro-Abril, P., Méndez, L., Pizarro, J. J., Włodarczyk, A., Basabe, N., Navarro-Carrillo, G., Padoan-De Luca, S., da Costa, S., Alonso-Arbiol, I., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607538 · Cited by 41
Empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behaviour and altruism
Brethel-Haurwitz, K. M., Stoianova, M., & Marsh, A. A. (2020) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2020.1783517 · Cited by 47
Compassion, Bureaucrat Bashing, and Public Administration
Szydlowski, G., de Boer, N., & Tummers, L. G. (2022) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13485 · Cited by 41
Hu, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190837 · Cited by 67
Sznycer, D., Delton, A. W., Robertson, T. E., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2018) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.07.005 · Cited by 43
Differences in Compassion, Well-being, and Social Anxiety Between Japan and the USA
Arimitsu, K., Hitokoto, H., Kind, S., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1045-6 · Cited by 41
Determinants of Islamic entrepreneurial intentions: an analysis using SEM
Ashraf, M. (2020) · Journal of Islamic marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-05-2019-0116 · Cited by 41
Mittermaier, A., Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. A. (2021) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587211025233 · Cited by 41
Moon, T., Hur, W., Ko, S.-H., Kim, J.-W., & Yoo, D.-K. (2015) · Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries · doi:10.1002/hfm.20615 · Cited by 40
Dev, V., Fernando, A. T., Kirby, J. N., & Consedine, N. S. (2018) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.015 · Cited by 43
Peeters, A., & Haselager, P. (2019) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-019-00592-1 · Cited by 46
Septianto, F., Tjiptono, F., & Kusumasondjaja, S. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101979 · Cited by 40
Afroogh, S., Esmalian, A., Donaldson, J. P., & Mostafavi, A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13074060 · Cited by 50
Can Dance and Music Make the Transition to a Sustainable Society More Feasible?
Horwitz, E. B., Korošec, K., & Theorell, T. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12010011 · Cited by 50
Bringing Compassion to the Ethical Dilemma in Killing Kangaroos for Conservation
Ramp, D. (2013) · Journal of Bioethical Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11673-013-9442-y · Cited by 40
Fernando, A. T., & Consedine, N. S. (2014) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132127 · Cited by 46
Compassion vs. empathy: designing for resilience
Peters, D., & Calvo, R. (2014) · Interactions · doi:10.1145/2647087 · Cited by 43
Ageist attitudes block young adults’ ability for compassion toward incapacitated older adults
Bergman, Y. S., & Bodner, E. (2015) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610215000198 · Cited by 39
Promoting Positive Affect through Smartphone Photography
Chen, Y., Mark, G. J., & Ali, S. (2016) · Psychology of Well-Being Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/s13612-016-0044-4 · Cited by 45
Prosocial deficits in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia relate to reward network atrophy
Sturm, V. E., Perry, D. C., Wood, K., Hua, A. Y., Alcantar, O., Datta, S., Rankin, K. P., Rosen, H. J., Miller, B. L., & Kramer, J. H. (2017) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.807 · Cited by 41
The Prospect of Compassionate Planning
Lyles, W., White, S. S., & Dodson‐Lavelle, B. (2017) · Journal of Planning Literature · doi:10.1177/0885412217735525 · Cited by 42
Leffel, G. M., Mueller, R. A. O., Ham, S. A., Karches, K. E., Curlin, F. A., & Yoon, J. D. (2018) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401334.2017.1414608 · Cited by 39
Can Lonely People Behave Morally? The Joint Influence of Loneliness and Empathy on Moral Identity
Jiao, J., & Jing, W. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1040 · Cited by 41
Self-Transcendent Awe as a Moral Grounding of Wisdom
Keltner, D. J., & Piff, P. K. (2020) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2020.1750927 · Cited by 40
Self-citationShepherd, D. A., Seyb, S., & Williams, T. A. (2023) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2023.106290 · Cited by 46
Compassion Development in Higher Education
Rashedi, R., Plante, T., & Callister, E. S. (2015) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164711504300205 · Cited by 40
Oxytocin improves compassion toward women among patients with PTSD
Palgi, S., Klein, E., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.008 · Cited by 42
Self-compassion decreases acceptance of own immoral behaviors
Wang, X., Chen, Z., Poon, K., Teng, F., & Jin, S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.030 · Cited by 47
Customers’ psychological ownership toward the third place
Joo, J. (2020) · Service Business · doi:10.1007/s11628-020-00418-5 · Cited by 39
Sinclair, S., Kondejewski, J., Hack, T. F., Boss, H., & MacInnis, C. C. (2022) · Patient · doi:10.1007/s40271-022-00571-1 · Cited by 38
Hepach, R. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00266 · Cited by 43
Anderson, C. L., Monroy, M., & Keltner, D. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000378 · Cited by 37
Self-citationHuiberts, E., & Joye, S. (2017) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0163443717707342 · Cited by 41
Abid, G., Contreras, F., Rank, S., & Ilyas, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1039456 · Cited by 48
The Relation Between Compassionate Love and Prejudice
Sinclair, L., Fehr, B., Wang, W., & Regehr, E. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550615609736 · Cited by 41
The role of compassion, suffering, and intrusive thoughts in dementia caregiver depression
Schulz, R., Savla, J. T., Czaja, S. J., & Monin, J. K. (2016) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1191057 · Cited by 42
Compassion-Focused Therapy as an Intervention for Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse
McLean, L., Steindl, S. R., & Bambling, M. (2017) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1390718 · Cited by 40
Motivational interviewing in compassion‐based interventions: Theory and practical applications
Steindl, S. R., Kirby, J. N., & Tellegan, C. (2018) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12146 · Cited by 40
A Case Study of Facial Emotion Classification Using Affdex
Magdin, M., Benko, Ľ., & Koprda, Š. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19092140 · Cited by 39
Understanding and Watering the Seeds of Compassion
Greenberg, M. T., & Turksma, C. (2015) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2015.1068060 · Cited by 47
Fitness, J. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14344-011 · Cited by 38
Lown, B. A. (2015) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.110 · Cited by 36
Intranasal administration of oxytocin increases compassion toward women
Palgi, S., Klein, E., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu040 · Cited by 36
Ng, Y.-L., & Zhao, X. (2018) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650218793739 · Cited by 44
Towards an understanding of compassion from an Islamic perspective
Alharbi, J. N., & Hadid, L. A. R. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14725 · Cited by 36
García-Campayo, J., Barceló-Soler, A., Martínez-Rubio, D., Navarrete, J., Pérez-Aranda, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Luciano, J. V., Baer, R., Kuyken, W., & Montero-Marin, J. (2024) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231203966 · Cited by 35
Curtis, K. (2013) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.05.007 · Cited by 35
Colonnello, V., Petrocchi, N., Farinelli, M., & Ottaviani, C. (2016) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160816120209 · Cited by 36
Need, Compassion, and Support for Social Welfare
Delton, A. W., Petersen, M. B., DeScioli, P., & Robertson, T. E. (2017) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12450 · Cited by 35
Riedo, V., Kraiczy, N. D., & Hack, A. (2017) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1111/jsbm.12377 · Cited by 35
DeCelles, K. A., DeVoe, S. E., Rafaeli, A., & Agasi, S. (2019) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12292 · Cited by 35
Using experience sampling to examine links between compassion, eudaimonia, and pro‐social behavior
Runyan, J. D., Fry, B. N., Steenbergh, T. A., Arbuckle, N. L., Dunbar, K., & Devers, E. E. (2018) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12426 · Cited by 39
Measuring compassionate healthcare with the 12-item Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale
Rodríguez, A. M., & Lown, B. A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220911 · Cited by 35
Valdés‐Cuervo, A. A., Alcántar-Nieblas, C., Parra-Pérez, L. G., Acuña, G. M. T., Álvarez-Montero, F. J., & Reyes-Sosa, H. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106842 · Cited by 37
The effects of age cues on preferences for organic food: The moderating role of message claim
Septianto, F., & Kemper, J. A. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102641 · Cited by 35
The Sympathetic Plot, Its Psychological Origins, and Implications for the Evolution of Fiction
Singh, M. (2021) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/17540739211022824 · Cited by 35
Fear leads to suffering: Fears of compassion predict restriction of the moral boundary
Crimston, C. R., Blessing, S., Gilbert, P., & Kirby, J. N. (2021) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12483 · Cited by 40
Association of compassion and empathy with prosocial health behaviors and attitudes in a pandemic
Karnaze, M. M., Bellettiere, J., & Bloss, C. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271829 · Cited by 40
Pieterse, A. H., Gulbrandsen, P., Ofstad, E. H., & Menichetti, J. (2023) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2023.107801 · Cited by 35
Neural correlates of compassion – An integrative systematic review
Novák, L., Maliňáková, K., Mikoška, P., van Dijk, J. P., & Tavel, P. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.12.004 · Cited by 43
McDonald, B., Böckler, A., & Kanske, P. (2022) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001036 · Cited by 43
From Oxytocin to Compassion: The Saliency of Distress
Kucerova, B., Levit‐Binnun, N., Gordon, I., & Golland, Y. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12020183 · Cited by 36
Steindl, S. R., Yiu, R. X. Q., Baumann, T., & Matos, M. (2019) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12433 · Cited by 44
Sims, S., Leamy, M. C., Levenson, R., Brearley, S. A., Ross, F., & Harris, R. G. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103580 · Cited by 34
Piety and profit; the moral embeddedness of an enterprising community
Nordstrom, O. A., McKeever, E. G., & Anderson, A. R. (2020) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985626.2020.1781935 · Cited by 34
Nolan, M. T., Diefendorff, J. M., Erickson, R. J., & Lee, M. T. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103688 · Cited by 44
G.R.A.C.E. for nurses: Cultivating compassion in nurse/patient interactions
Halifax, J. S. (2013) · Journal of Nursing Education and Practice · doi:10.5430/jnep.v4n1p121 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 351-374
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC2864937
- OpenAlex
- W2148616640
- Cited by
- 2,200
- References
- 261
- Citations by year
- 2026: 168 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 164 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 209 · 2021: 201 · 2020: 169 · 2019: 155 · 2018: 139 · 2017: 131 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 67.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32-MH067562)
- Metanexus Institute
- Russell Sage Foundation
- Fetzer Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- compassion, evolution of emotions, cooperation, protection of vulnerable persons, caregiver behavior, touch, vocalizations, physiological responses, social approach, moral judgment, cross-cultural variation, neuronal activation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Arousal, Child, Preschool, Cooperative Behavior, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Emotions, Empathy, Biological Evolution, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Morals, Motivation, Nonverbal Communication, Social Support, Socialization, Touch, Empirical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
