The associative structure of memory for multi-element events.
Open accessAbstract
The hippocampus is thought to be an associative memory "convergence zone," binding together the multimodal elements of an experienced event into a single engram. This predicts a degree of dependency between the retrieval of the different elements comprising an event. We present data from a series of studies designed to address this prediction. Participants vividly imagined a series of person-location-object events, and memory for these events was assessed across multiple trials of cued retrieval. Consistent with the prediction, a significant level of dependency was found between the retrieval of different elements from the same event. Furthermore, the level of dependency was sensitive both to retrieval task, with higher dependency during cued recall than cued recognition, and to subjective confidence. We propose a simple model, in which events are stored as multiple pairwise associations between individual event elements, and dependency is captured by a common factor that varies across events. This factor may relate to between-events modulation of the strength of encoding, or to a process of within-event "pattern completion" at retrieval. The model predicts the quantitative pattern of dependency in the data when changes in the level of guessing with retrieval task and confidence are taken into account. Thus, we find direct behavioral support for the idea that memory for complex multimodal events depends on the pairwise associations of their constituent elements and that retrieval of the various elements corresponding to the same event reflects a common factor that varies from event to event.
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All simulations, whether remembered or imagined, vary along a continuum of associative strength determined by the prior associative history of their constituent elements.
“I recently reformulated this hypothesis (Addis, 2018), instead proposing that all simulations -whether remembered or imagined -vary along a continuum of 'associative strength' depending on the associative history of constituent elements”
From Mental Time Travel? A Neurocognitive Model of Event Simulation. (2020) · cites this paper as Horner & Burgess, 2013
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「カナダの染織工芸・キルトとフットラグ」展によせて (〔日本博物館協会〕支部が推薦する博物館情報-2-東北支部)
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- Authors
- Horner, A. J., & Burgess, N.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Horner, Aidan J.
- Burgess, Neil
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1370-1383
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- PMC
- PMC3906803
- OpenAlex
- W2113641668
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- associative memory, hippocampus, event memory, pairwise association, engram, cued recall, confidence, pattern completion, encoding strength
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Association, Cues, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Memory, Mental Recall
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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