The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Faith to move mountains: Religious coping, spirituality, and interpersonal trauma recovery.
Abstract
Interpersonal trauma is pervasive globally and may result in long-term consequences physically, cognitively, behaviorally, socially, and spiritually (Bryant-Davis, 2005b). One of the protective factors that have emerged in the literature is religious coping. Religious coping, spirituality, and faith-based approaches to trauma recovery include endorsement of beliefs, engagement in behaviors, and access to support from faith communities. Compared with negative religious coping, spirituality and positive religious coping have been associated with decreased psychological distress, a finding established with survivors of child abuse, sexual violence, intimate partner violence, community violence, and war. This article focuses on spiritual and religious coping among survivors of child abuse, sexual violence, and war; however, research demonstrates increased use of positive religious coping among some survivors with higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Much of the scholarship in this area includes qualitative studies with populations who face increased vulnerability to interpersonal trauma. Research in this area covers the life span from childhood to later adulthood and encompasses both domestic and international studies. The implications of research findings are explored, and future research needs are described. This line of research supports the American Psychological Association (2010) ethical standards that note the recognition of spiritual and religious faith traditions as important aspects of the provision of ethical treatment. Researchers, clinicians, and advocates for trauma survivors are encouraged to attend to the faith traditions and beliefs of persons confronting the potential devastation of traumatic events.
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“Trauma survivors have identified spirituality as a source of positivity, optimism, security, and meaning (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Milner et al., 2020).”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013
In the citing paper
“In recent years, spirituality has been identified as a factor that might be related to positive outcomes (Ager et al., 2015; Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013
In the citing paper
“Although the findings of this study are preliminary in nature and require further research to confirm, they would be in line with other studies showing benefit from spirituality as relates to well-being (Ager et al., 2015; Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013) and even spirituality as a source of support in the face of adversity (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Milner et al., 2020).”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013
In the citing paper
“To date, social relationships, financial support, social environment, access to services, peer support, personal factors, and more (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Frimpong-Manso, 2018; Scott et al., 2022; Sulimani-Aidan & Melkman, 2018; van Breda & Dickens, 2017) have been shown to support better outcomes in this population.”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013
In the citing paper
“Findings from the current study are consistent with previous research on other vulnerable populations that suggests that spirituality has a positive association on well-being (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Campbell & Bauer, 2021; Park et al., 2017; Tuck & Anderson, 2014).”
From The relationship between spirituality and resilience and well-being: a study of 529 care leavers from 11 nations. (2023) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013
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“Racially and ethnically marginalized persons have also endorsed high rates of spiritual and religious coping (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
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“In effect, individuals not only gain a sense of belonging, but also benefit from a set of guiding beliefs that offers a worldview entailing life purpose and meaning (Bryant-Davis and Wong, 2013).”
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BackgroundHoward, A. H., Roberts, M., Mitchell, T., & Wilke, N. G. (2023) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-023-00088-y · Cited by 50
“…further research to confirm, they would be in line with other studies showing benefit from spirituality as relates to well-being (Ager et al., 2015; Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013) and even spirituality as a source of support in the face of adversity (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Milner et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLea, C. R., Oliver, R. J. P., Smothers, Z., Boucher, N. A., Youssef, N. A., Ames, D., Volk, F. A., Teng, E. J., & Koenig, H. G. (2018) · Military Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/21635781.2018.1526149 · Cited by 43
“As indicated in the introduction, religious beliefs and behaviors are frequently used to cope with psychological reactions to combat-related trauma and with its physical consequences (Witvliet, Phipps, Feldman, & Beckham, 2004; Tran, Kuhn, Walser, & Drescher, 2012; Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundPEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences
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“Evidence shows that spiritual and religious coping is prevalent and beneficial for combat veterans [6], disaster survivors [11], recovery from interpersonal trauma [12], and multiple mental health and quality of life outcomes [13].”
BackgroundKrok, D. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1056772 · Cited by 38
“Multiple empirical studies have shown that religion is not a mere defensive mechanism, but it has the potential to influence people’s cognitive and emotional processes underlying coping with stressful events (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Pargament et al., 2013).”
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Introduction: Womanist and mujerista psychologies.
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“Religious participation has the power to enhance relationships and reduce the psychological distress experienced by trauma survivors, including survivors of IPV (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Burnette & Hefflinger, 2016; Strawbridge et al., 2001).”
BackgroundReligiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma: A systematic review of quantitative studies
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“Suggestions that religion can influence behaviour are derived from the notion that religious individuals share a set of phenomenological and ontological beliefs that guide them through life (Bryant-Davis and Wong, 2013; Ysseldyk et al., 2010).”
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“Though wide in scope, “religious-based coping” typically involves drawing on religious beliefs, engaging in religious behaviors (such as prayer or attending religious services), and accessing social support through participation in faith-based communities (Bryant-Davis and Wong 2013).”
BackgroundUsing Spiritual Connections to Cope With Stress and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Algahtani, F. D., Alsaif, B. S., Ahmed, A. A., Almishaal, A. A., Obeidat, S. T., Mohamed, R. F., Kamel, R. M., Gul, I., & Hassan, S.-U.-N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915290 · Cited by 29
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“Bryant-Davis & Wong (22) pointed as well that to cope with the infant’s hospitalization, faith and trust in God seem essential to bear the suffering they experience as a result of having an infant at the NICU.”
BackgroundResist and Rise: A Trauma-Informed Womanist Model for Group Therapy
Bryant-Davis, T. S., Fasalojo, B., Arounian, A., Jackson, K. L., & Leithman, E. (2021) · Women & Therapy · doi:10.1080/02703149.2021.1943114 · Cited by 29
“Although there is growing evidence that individuals often utilize religious and spiritual coping when facing adversity, there are limited interventions that address spiritual concerns of trauma survivors of violence (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMaternal Coping with Baby Hospitalization at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Ramos, F. P., Enumo, S. R. F., & de Paula, K. M. P. (2017) · Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) · doi:10.1590/1982-43272767201702 · Cited by 25
“In health contexts, religiosity appears as a central aspect of coping and can be related to it in positive or negative ways (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Pargament, 2011), especially when the child is at risk of death.”
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Religious congregations: An important vehicle for alleviating human suffering and fostering wellness
Hodge, D. R. (2020) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426432.2020.1728604 · Cited by 23
“As these data suggest, some people are uncomfortable receiving services from traditional secular providers (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Cnaan & An, 2016).”
BackgroundWorkplace spirituality in law enforcement: a content analysis of the literature
Moran, R. (2017) · Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766086.2017.1376287 · Cited by 23
Effect of spiritual care education on postpartum stress disorder in women with preeclampsia
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“In this regard, in the study by Bryant‐Davis and Wong, spiritual and religious care led to the reduction of PTSD in survivors of war and raped children.[21] In the study of Hawthorne , spiritual activities in mothers who were bereaved due to child death reduced PTSD.”
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“First, faith can be a source of hope for the future [45, 47, 71].”
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“Among undergraduates, negative religious coping, which is based on a belief in a condemning God and includes believing that traumatic events occur as a God-given punishment, was strongly related to higher rates of PTSD [32, 33].”
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Moral injury, coherence, and spiritual repair
Starnino, V. R., Sullivan, W. P., Angel, C. T., & Davis, L. W. (2019) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2019.1589439 · Cited by 23
“Given the association of moral injury with the assumptive world, and in particular, basic issues such as the meaning of life, and one’s place it in, it is not surprising the concept is closely intertwined with spiritual matters and concerns (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Fontana & Rosenheck, 2004).”
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“For instance, Buddhist religiosity has been increasingly considered in psychological health treatments because Buddhist teaching of life suffering can particularly transform people’s life attitude in the trauma recovery process [11,85].”
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“Many studies point to the preventive and curative effect of positive religious coping in abusive life events (Ayten et al., 2012; Sağlam-Demirkan, 2020; Spacious, 2019; Zwingmann et al., 2006; Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Cummings & Pargament, 2010).”
BackgroundFortuna, L. R., Martínez, W., & Porche, M. V. M. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00541-1 · Cited by 27
“A review of spiritual or religious coping and psychological trauma, although focused mostly on adult survivors of trauma, suggested that religious coping is helpful for trauma recovery (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
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Hodge, D. R. (2019) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426432.2019.1597663 · Cited by 15
“Consequently, it is unsurprising that refugees often turn to spirituality to cope (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundKEKERASAN FISIK DAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA NARAPIDANA LANSIA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN JAWA BARAT
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“Additionally, some studies have found that religious individuals may be more vulnerable to certain mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
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“…literature demonstrates that perceived efficacy and control, religion, spirituality, positive religious coping, and a belief that life has meaning are key correlates of resilience in the face of biopsychosocial risk factors and adversity (BrewerSmyth and Koenig 2014; Bryant-Davis and Wong 2013).”
BackgroundRoman, L. S., Mosher, D. K., Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., Tongeren, D. R. V., Davis, D. E., Heinrichsen, H., & Campbell, C. D. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000448 · Cited by 19
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“A literature review on religion and trauma showed mixed effects (Bryant-Davis & Wong 2013), highlighting the importance of being aware of the potential positive and negative impact religious variables can have on mental health outcomes.”
BackgroundImpact of Spiritual and Religious Coping on PTSD
Slater, C. L., Bordenave, J. M., & Boyer, B. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_49 · Cited by 13
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“Bryant-Davis and Wong (2013) draw attention to spiritual and faith support needing to be employed with care.”
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Like a Blanket Over a Fire: Group Work and Spiritual Repair in Military Trauma
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“…by trauma, spiritual beliefs can also be a source of meaning and coherence—it is a place where many turn to at the most difficult times of life (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Draucker et al., 2011; Knapik, Martsolf, & Draucker, 2008; Pargament, Murray-Swank, & Tarakeshwar, 2005; Peres et al.,…”
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“De esta manera, el afrontamiento religioso ha sido vinculado a numerosas variables relativas, por ejemplo, estrés postraumático (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Gerber, Boals, & Schuettler, 2011; Leaman & Gee, 2012), síntomas de ansiedad (Pirutinsky, Rosmarin, Pargament, & Midlarsky, 2011), síntomas de…”
BackgroundGökmen, A., & Sami, S. (2024) · Sakarya Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi dergisi/Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi dergisi · doi:10.17335/sakaifd.1431941 · Cited by 10
From Looking for Reason to Finding Meaning: A Spiritual Journey of Recovery From Sexual Trauma
Eytan, S., & Ronel, N. (2023) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221145723 · Cited by 13
“…has all kinds of devastating implications on survivors’ spirituality, such as negative spiritual coping (i.e., spiritual discontent, fear of punishment, or blaming God for not being a protector), alienation from God, and loss of faith and meaning (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Walker et al, 2022).”
BackgroundEarly trauma and serious mental illness: what role does spirituality play?
Starnino, V. R., & Sullivan, W. P. (2016) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2017.1320368 · Cited by 9
“…report direct encounters with the sacred, including encounters with God that were perceived to be helpful, it is likely that such reports are often discounted at best, or labelled as pathological at worst, without any additional inquiry on the part of clinicians (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialFrearson, A., & Duncan, M. (2024) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-024-00614-9 · Cited by 5
“This idea is supported by Bryant-Davis and Wong (2013) and Van Dyke et al. (2009) who found that faith-based coping strategies and access to support from faith communities aids trauma recovery and can lead to an increased sense of wellbeing, resilience and healing.”
BackgroundReligious/Spiritual Abuse, Meaning-Making, and Posttraumatic Growth
Perry, S. (2024) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel15070824 · Cited by 8
Sapam, K. D., & Jijina, P. (2020) · Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology · doi:10.1080/20797222.2020.1850489 · Cited by 10
“Buddhist values have also been reported to be helpful for healing for Cambodian refugees (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundHammad, J., Guenuni, A. E., Bouzir, I., & Elguenuni, F. (2020) · Journal of Muslim Mental Health · doi:10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0014.202 · Cited by 17
Refugees and Asylum Seekers’ Emotions in Migration Studies
Mahmud, B. (2021) · RIEM Revista internacional de estudios migratorios · doi:10.25115/riem.v11i(1).6045 · Cited by 8
Khairil, M., Alatas, R., Sari, D. F. K., & Mirfath (2020) · Space and Culture India · doi:10.20896/saci.v7i4.626 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, it also discusses how the concept of trauma healing is carried out in providing assistance to disaster victims, by providing the values of da'wah as a concept of interpersonal approach within a group (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundWesterfield, C., & Doolittle, B. R. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01416-1 · Cited by 8
Beyond Survival: Application of a Complex Trauma Treatment Model in the Christian Context
Pressley, J. D., & Spinazzola, J. (2015) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164711504300102 · Cited by 12
“However, there is a more complicated relationship in the literature between complex trauma, spirituality, religiosity, and meaning-making (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Connor, Davidson, & Lee, 2003; Krejci et al., 2004; Pargament, 2008; Walker, Reid, O’Neill, & Brown, 2009).”
Afyonoğlu, M. F., & Güre, M. D. P. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2404927 · Cited by 7
“Similarly, literature suggests that religious rituals and traditions can act as important coping mechanisms, helping to maintain social cohesion and providing a platform for collective grief and healing (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Chen et al., 2021).”
A Qualitative Exploration of Women's Lives and Resilience in Substance Use Disorder Recovery.
Gorvine, M. M., Haynes, T. F., Marshall, S. A., Clark, C. J., Lovelady, N. N., & Zaller, N. D. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7
Grau, P. P., Valentine, L. M., Vuper, T. C., Rogers, T. A., Wong, J. D., & Sexton, M. B. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22859 · Cited by 7
Onanuga, P. A. (2024) · Journal of the African Literature Association · doi:10.1080/21674736.2024.2307736 · Cited by 7
Trauma and substance use: the role of defences and religious engagement
Prout, T. A., Gerber, L. E., & Gottdiener, W. H. (2015) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2015.1008442 · Cited by 10
“In these instances, individuals believe that God is judging and condemning which, in turn, foster feelings of shame and guilt as well as low self-esteem (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialSpirituality and the Sense of Self: An Inductive Analysis
Kavar, L. F. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2144 · Cited by 7
Correlation between Religious Attitude and Resiliency of Women under Domestic Violence
Dehghani-Firoozabadi, E.-S., Mohtashami, J., Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh, F., Nasiri, M., Dolatian, M., & Sedghi, S. (2016) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v9n3p199 · Cited by 7
“…relationship and shown compatibility with the domestic violence; the religious attitudes was an effective factor (Brewer-Smyth & Koeing, 2014; Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Dueck & Byron, 2011); studies likewise, indicated that religion can effect on coping with disasters; which considering the…”
BackgroundPeterson, J. (2015) · Cited by 7
Herrero‐Arias, R., & Tonheim, M. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108240 · Cited by 6
Gilbar, O., Benbenishty, R., Schiff, M., & Dekel, R. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.12.026 · Cited by 6
“…individuals face traumatic events (Schiff, 2006; Tuval-Mashiach & Dekel, 2014), whereas other studies show the opposite, indicating that religious (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013) or Ultraorthodox Jewish individuals suffered from more PTS in comparison with the general population (Ankri et al., 2010).”
ResultKalmijn, M. (2018) · Advances in Life Course Research · doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2018.04.004 · Cited by 7
“Finally, it has been argued that religiosity provides a coping style for dealing with negative war experiences (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Fares et al., 2017) and it is possible that this also will benefit the children who were not themselves exposed to war.”
BackgroundVass, A., & Krane, J. (2024) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-024-00737-5 · Cited by 6
“…and faith might give meaning to the lives of victims and promote their psychological recovery (Anderson et al., 2012; Drumm et al., 2014), provide ways to understand suffering and loss, and often play a role in shaping the coping process (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Fabricatore et al., 2004).”
RESILIENCIA Y ESPIRITUALIDAD. APORTES PARA SU ESTUDIO DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA PSICOLÓGICA
Irurzun, J. I., Mezzadra, J., & Preuss, M. G. (2017) · Revista Científica Arbitrada de la Fundación MenteClara · doi:10.32351/rca.v2.2.34 · Cited by 6
On the Importance of African Traditional Religion for Economic BehaviorPreprint
Butinda, L. D., Lameke, A. A., Nunn, N., Posch, M., & Sierra, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4512471 · Cited by 6
Atheism, Social Networks and Health: A Review and Theoretical Model
McCaffree, K. (2019) · Secularism and Nonreligion · doi:10.5334/snr.101 · Cited by 5
Veronese, G., & Pepe, A. (2022) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2021.2021872 · Cited by 5
“…has been found to protect military nurses on frontline missions from traumatic stress (Simmons et al., 2018), while religiosity has been identified as a source of thriving and growth among veterans, traumatised refugees, and survivors of war (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Feder et al., 2008).”
BackgroundYih, C. (2024) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-024-01156-5 · Cited by 8
“Enduring detriment effects from various forms of interpersonal trauma such as intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and war are widespread and have continued to contribute to contemporary global health issues (Byrant-Davis & Wong, 2013).”
Akrawi, D., Bartrop, R. W., Surgenor, L. J., Shanmugam, S., Potter, U., & Touyz, S. W. (2017) · Translational Developmental Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/20017022.2017.1305719 · Cited by 6
“…spiritual and personal beliefs have the potential to supply sacred meaning to daily living, and thus provide a mechanism to cope with and alleviate stress (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Fleck & Skevington, 2007; Hill & Pargament, 2003; Miller & Thoresen, 2003; Pargament, 1997; Pargament et al., 2000).”
Trauma-Informed Children’s Ministry: a Qualitative Descriptive Study
Crosby, R. G. I., Smith, E. I., Gage, J., & Blanchette, L. (2021) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-020-00334-w · Cited by 5
Hodge, D. R. (2021) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2021.1938329 · Cited by 5
“When encountering major problems, people can still find a secure base in a transcendent reality (Bryant-Davis & Wong, 2013; Raghallaigh, 2011).”
BackgroundGesink, D., Leach, J. L., McBride, K., & Bergin-Payette, K. (2016) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659616666325 · Cited by 5
Impact of Spiritual and Religious Coping on PTSD
Slater, C. L., Bordenave, J. M., & Boyer, B. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_49-1 · Cited by 5
Wasim, F. (2014) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 5
Heath, M. A., & Cutrer‐Párraga, E. A. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22358 · Cited by 4
Korn, L., Billig, M., & Zukerman, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760415 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Bryant-Davis, T., & Wong, E. C.
- Affiliations
- Pepperdine University (US)
- RAND Corporation (US)
- ORCID
- Wong, Eunice C.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 675-684
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2070240432
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 10.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- religious coping, spirituality, interpersonal trauma, trauma recovery, faith-based interventions, child abuse survivors, sexual violence survivors, war trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, religious communities, psychological distress, protective factors
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Culture, Ethics, Professional, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Pastoral Care, Religion and Psychology, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Survivors, Spirituality
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