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Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement.
Open accessAbstract
The traditional goal of legal authorities has been to obtain widespread public compliance with the law. Empirical research findings have shown that legitimacy—typically operationalized as the perceived obligation to obey and trust and confidence in the relevant institutions—plays an important role in achieving such compliance. But over time the goals of legal authorities have broadened in 2 ways. First, they increasingly include the desire to motivate willing cooperation, with legal authorities and members of the public working together to produce social order. Second, conceptions of the goals of the legal system have broadened to include the importance of promoting public engagement in communities in efforts to build social, political and economic vitality. Drawing on these broader goals—and building upon recent conceptual advances in the meaning of legitimacy—we report findings from a major new national survey of U.S. citizens. We examine the role that legitimacy plays in achieving each of these goals of law and in defining the policies and practices of the police and courts which influence legitimacy. Importantly, we also consider whether a focus on achieving this broader set of goals leads to a need to reexamine the traditional theoretical conception of legitimacy. Our findings support the utility of a multidimensional conception of legitimacy that differentiates between consent to authority and normative justifiability of power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
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“Legitimacy—the belief that an individual, group, or institution has the authority to dictate an individual’s behavior and demand their cooperation—is vital to the effective function of police as a social institution (2, 3).”
From A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
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Self-citationThe Group Engagement Model: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Cooperative Behavior
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“Scholars have also operationalised legitimacy as citizens’ obligation to obey, feeling of trust, and shared norms and values (e.g., Hamm et al., 2017; Jackson & Bradford, 2019; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
BackgroundCompliance and Legal Authority
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“It is important to note that research has demonstrated the distinct meaning and role of each of the three elements of legitimacy (Reisig et al. 2007, Gau 2011, Tyler and Jackson 2014).”
InfluentialForrest, W. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12438 · Cited by 15
Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and School Principals’ Evaluations of School Resource Officers
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Measuring Public Attitudes Towards the PolicePreprint
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Self-citationvan Hall, M., Dirkzwager, A., van der Laan, P. H., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2022) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2022.2065274 · Cited by 19
“In the last three decades, the importance of legitimacy for the successful exercise of criminal justice authorities ’ power has been established (Tyler, 2003; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
BackgroundLawrence, T. I., McField, A. A., & Freeman, K. A. (2021) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/07340168211022794 · Cited by 14
Trust in the Twenty-First Century
Tyler, T. R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22261-5_12 · Cited by 16
Self-citationDoes legitimacy matter in whistleblowing intentions?
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van Hall, M., Dirkzwager, A., van der Laan, P. H., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2023) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2023.2207019 · Cited by 13
“Within the fi eld ofpolicing,studieslargelyfollowedtheseaspectsofprocedural justice (see e.g. Goodman-Delahunty,2010; Mazerolle etal.,2014; Tyler,2004; Tyler&Jackson, 2014).”
Pósch, K. (2019) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124119826159 · Cited by 16
“When the police act in procedurally just ways, citizens feel that their input is considered, their status in the community is affirmed, and that the police as an institution has legitimate authority (Mazerolle et al. 2013; Tyler 2006; Tyler, Goff, and MacCoun 2015; Tyler and Jackson 2014).”
BackgroundResultSeeing Gender in Policing: Uniforms and Perceived Aggression
Simpson, R., & Croft, A. (2020) · Women & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/08974454.2020.1842290 · Cited by 13
“Perceptions of police are tethered to citizens’ willingness to cooperate with officers (Murphy & Cherney, 2012; Sargeant et al., 2014; Skogan, 2006; Tyler & Fagan, 2008; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
BackgroundCurtis, A., Farmer, C., Harries, T., Mayshak, R., Coomber, K., Guadagno, B. L., & Miller, P. G. (2021) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2021.1896516 · Cited by 13
Perceptions of the Independence of Judges in Europe
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The Role of Doctor's Authority in Patients' Treatment Decisions
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“Previous research by Tyler and Jackson has also treated a propensity to bend rules as a negative indicator of an individual’s perceived “obligation” to obey the law (Tyler and Jackson 2014: 83).”
MethodHillmer-Pegram, K. C., & Robards, M. D. (2015) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-07081-200126 · Cited by 13
“The preferences of local stakeholders can be trumped by the priorities of larger-scale groups under the banner of accomplishing “the greater good” which includes such concepts as “freedom of navigation” (e.g., Robards and Greenberg 2007, Tyler and Jackson 2014).”
BackgroundProcedural Injustice, Risky Lifestyles, and Violent Victimization
Wolfe, S. E., & McLean, K. D. (2016) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128716640292 · Cited by 14
Obeying the Rules of the Road: Procedural Justice, Social Identity and Normative CompliancePreprint
Bradford, B., Hohl, K., Jackson, J., & MacQueen, S. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2530633 · Cited by 16
Self-citationTransparency, Policy Outcomes, and Incumbent Support
Aguiar‐Conraria, L., Magalhães, P. C., & Veiga, F. J. (2019) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12203 · Cited by 12
Tyler, T. R., & Meares, T. L. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108278423.004 · Cited by 12
Self-citationLiu, J., & Wu, G. (2023) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287221150422 · Cited by 12
“According to Tyler (2014), citizens’ cooperation with legal authorities (e.g., the police) and compliance with the law are a function of their legitimacy judgment, reflected by “shared feelings of obligation and responsibility to obey rules and trust and confidence in authorities” (p. 80).”
The Promise of a Subject-Centered Approach to Understanding Immigration Noncompliance
Ryo, E. (2017) · Journal on Migration and Human Security · doi:10.1177/233150241700500204 · Cited by 12
Role of voice in the legal process*
Pennington, L., & Farrell, A. S. (2019) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12205 · Cited by 14
“Legal authorities can have goals other than deference and obedience, including building cooperative relationships with community members and promoting public engagement (Jackson et al., 2012; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
InfluentialHaddeland, H. B., & Franko, K. (2021) · Punishment & Society · doi:10.1177/1462474521996815 · Cited by 12
Presuppositions as discourse strategies in court examinations
Jian, L., & Sun, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Legal Discourse · doi:10.1515/ijld-2018-2008 · Cited by 12
“…China, E-mail: tjsunyuxiu@hotmail.com strategies by the legal authority (Conley and O’Barr 1998[2005]; Levi and Walker 1990; Gibbons 1994[2014]; Tyler and Jackson 2014), interaction between the questions and the answers (Conley and O’Barr 1998[2005]; Brodsky and Gutheil 2016; Coulthard et al.…”
BackgroundJackson, J., & Kuha, J. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118868799.ch17 · Cited by 17
Self-citationCopyright and Collective Authorship: Locating the Authors of Collaborative Work
Simone, D. (2019) · Cited by 12
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Self-citationNorms, Normativity and the Legitimacy of Justice Institutions: International PerspectivesPreprint
Jackson, J. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3129737 · Cited by 15
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“In this theory, deterrence factors include the difference between expected benefits and the likelihood of detection and expected punishment, and normative factors are the moral standards, perceived legitimacy of management and regulations, and beliefs about the impact of complying with rules (King and Sutinen 2010; Ty…”
BackgroundKuen, K. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102290 · Cited by 11
Validation of Short-Form Scales of Self-Control, Procedural Justice, and Moral Foundations
Roche, S. P., Lee, H., Pickett, J. T., Graham, A., & Cullen, F. T. (2024) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2024.2406535 · Cited by 13
“Tyler and Jackson (2014, p. 84), for example, used an item to measure procedural justice (“[Police] make decisions based upon the law and not their personal biases or opin-ions”) that was nearly identical to an item they used to measure legitimacy, an outcome of procedural justice (i.e. “When the…”
Farmer, C., & Clifford, R. (2020) · International Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/1057567720939150 · Cited by 11
“This aligns with an extensive body of research examining policing legitimacy (Tyler, 2006; Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Tyler & Wakslak, 2004).”
BackgroundLiang, J., & Ma, H. (2020) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2492 · Cited by 16
Travaglino, G. A., Burgmer, P., & Mirisola, A. (2023) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506231176615 · Cited by 15
“Individuals’ views of legal and political authorities—specifically, their trust and confidence in institutions—play a crucial role in driving adherence to moral and legal standards (Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
InfluentialNader, E. S., Wasileski, G., & Poteyeva, M. (2023) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287231189720 · Cited by 11
“When the public perceives fairness in police practices and procedures, police are more likely to be viewed as legitimate (Gau, 2011; Tyler & Jackson, 2013).”
The “Red Flags” for Child Find under the IDEA: Separating the Law from the Lore
Zirkel, P. A. (2015) · Exceptionality · doi:10.1080/09362835.2014.986615 · Cited by 11
Socialização legal de crianças e adolescentes: revisão da literatura e desafios de pesquisa
Rodrigues, H., Gomes, A. M. M., de Oliveira, R. T., Piccirillo, D., & de Brito, R. C. (2017) · Plural · doi:10.11606/issn.2176-8099.pcso.2017.127330 · Cited by 11
Perception of police legitimacy among private security officers
Paek, S. Y., Nalla, M. K., & Lee, J. (2018) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-018-00163-5 · Cited by 11
The Phenomenon of Anti-Doping Policy Legitimacy in the Social Psychology of Sports
Bondarev, D., Алексеевич, Б. К., & Barkoukis, V. (2021) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2021100106 · Cited by 12
Dan‐Irabor, D., Slocum, L. A., & Wiley, S. A. (2023) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12354 · Cited by 12
Goovaerts, I., Licht, J. D. F., & Mariën, S. (2024) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12711 · Cited by 15
Oliveira, T. R. (2025) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1017/lsr.2025.10 · Cited by 14
“…andconsenttothelaw’srighttogovern–i.e.,theyreflectwhethercitizensbelieve thatlegalinstitutionssharetheirnormativevaluesabouttheappropriateexerciseof powerandwhethertheyacceptlegalauthority’srighttodictateappropriatepublic behavior(Tyler2006;TylerandJackson2014).”
Lima, G., Grgić-Hlača, N., & Redmiles, E. M. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713338 · Cited by 17
“Democratic theories of law argue that the law should refect laypeople’s in-tuitions [ 118] to motivate citizens to comply with it [119].”
McLean, K. D. (2019) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2019.1704755 · Cited by 9
“Rather, the act is the result of a failure to recognise the normative authority of the criminal justice actor (Huq et al. 2017, Tyler and Jackson 2014).”
BackgroundCommunity perspectives on gun violence and safety: The role of policing in Baltimore City
Crifasi, C., Williams, R., Booty, M., Owens-Young, J., Webster, D. W., & Buggs, S. A. L. (2022) · Journal of criminal justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101964 · Cited by 10
A street corner education: Stop and search, trust, and gendered norms among adolescent males
Bradford, B., Pósch, K., Jackson, J., & Dawson, P. A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279505 · Cited by 12
Self-citationBehavioral Jurisprudence: The Quest for Knowledge about the Ex-ante Function of Law and Behavior
van Rooij, B. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 10
Liang, J., Chen, X., Li, T., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.595731 · Cited by 9
Muibu, D., & Olawole, I. M. (2022) · Conflict Security and Development · doi:10.1080/14678802.2022.2056394 · Cited by 11
Penner, E. K., Shaffer, C. S., & Viljoen, J. L. (2016) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.2004 · Cited by 10
Procedures Matter: Strong Voice, Evaluations of Policy Performance, and Regime Support
Rhodes-Purdy, M. (2020) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0032321720903813 · Cited by 10
“In addition, Tom Tyler’s work on legitimacy (e.g. Jackson et al., 2012; Levi et al., 2009; Lind and Tyler, 1988; Tyler, 2006a, 2006b; Tyler and Jackson, 2014) applies theories of procedural justice to political behavior, finding repeatedly that individuals are more likely to voluntarily comply with…”
BackgroundPolicijsko delo v skupnosti in partnersko zagotavljanje varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih
Meško, G., Eman, K., Modic, M., & Hacin, R. (2024) · doi:10.18690/um.fvv.4.2024 · Cited by 18
The Contributions of Social/Organizational Psychology to Policing
Tyler, T. R. (2024) · Organizational Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/20413866231225142 · Cited by 9
“Legitimacy-based policing builds public engagement in communities (Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Tyler & Nobo, 2022).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCross-Cultural Applications of the New Ecological Paradigm in Protected Area Contexts
Dorward, L., Ibbett, H., Dwiyahreni, A. A., Kohi, E. M., Prayitno, K., Sankeni, S., Kaduma, J., Mawenya, R., Mchomvu, J., Sabiladiyni, H., et al. (2024) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139165241274623 · Cited by 13
“Criminal justice scholars have demonstrated that compliance behavior is influenced by people’s sense of what is morally right and wrong (Kohlberg, 1969 in Tyler & Jackson, 2014), with individuals less likely to support or obey rules they consider immoral (Trinkner et al., 2018; Tyler & Jackson,”
Farmer, C. (2020) · Criminal Justice Policy Review · doi:10.1177/0887403420911192 · Cited by 9
A Civilianised Summary Power to Exclude: Perceptual Deterrence, Compliance and Legitimacy
Farmer, C. (2021) · International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy · doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.1562 · Cited by 9
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Pryce, D. K., & Grant, L. E. (2021) · International Criminology · doi:10.1007/s43576-021-00036-9 · Cited by 9
“…levels of trust in the police and the larger criminal justice system lead to a greater willingness to: cooperate and comply with the police (Tyler et al., 2010), call for assistance or report non-crime emergencies (Tankebe, 2008; Tyler & Jackson, 2014), and empower the police (Moule et al., 2019).”
BackgroundPolice Legitimacy in Ethnic–Racially and Economically Stratified Democracies
Cao, L. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale · doi:10.3138/cjccj.2022-0018 · Cited by 9
“Later, a third dimension – moral alignment – was added (Tyler and Jackson 2014).”
Sarpong, D., & Reisig, M. D. (2022) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/17488958221132760 · Cited by 9
“…the concept can take many different operational forms (Beetham, 1991; Boateng, 2018b; Bottoms and Tankebe, 2012; Pósch et al., 2021; Trinkner, 2019; Tyler and Jackson, 2014), it is a central concept in the process-based model of policing and is espoused to promote several outcomes, such as…”
Demir, M. (2023) · Journal of Policing Intelligence and Counter Terrorism · doi:10.1080/18335330.2023.2171308 · Cited by 9
“In the literature, there is no consensus on how to measure police legitimacy (see Bottoms & Tankebe, 2012; Hamm, Trinkner, & Carr, 2017; Johnson, Maguire, & Kuhns, 2014; Schaap & Saarikkomäki, 2022; Tankebe, 2013; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
Crime severity, relational distance, and bystander reporting
West, M. P., Huff, J., & Saldana, B. (2023) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102074 · Cited by 9
Sweigart, M. M., Galván‐Hernández, D., Häßler, T., Hegarty, P. V., Kite, M. E., Ofosu, E. K., Ünsal, B. C., & Eisner, L. (2024) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12638 · Cited by 12
Emotion: The forgotten component of legal socialization
Cole, L. M., Kelley, D. C., Hennigan, P. J., Rebellon, C. J., Gundy, K. T. V., & Cohn, E. S. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12444 · Cited by 10
Martin, R. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198855125.001.0001 · Cited by 9
Nam, Y., Wolfe, S. E., & Nix, J. (2022) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00224278221121622 · Cited by 14
“…likely to view the institution as a legitimate authority (Tyler 1990; Sunshine and Tyler 2003) and, in turn, less likely to accept police decisions (Tyler and Jackson 2014), comply with the law (Tyler 1990), cooperate in the form of reporting crimes (Tyler and Fagan 2006), or empower their local…”
BackgroundResultLegitimation in action: an examination of community courts and procedural justice
Connor, T. A. (2018) · Journal of Crime and Justice · doi:10.1080/0735648x.2018.1506708 · Cited by 9
“Understanding what makes most people comply with the law and legal authorities has been a major focus of research within the field of criminal justice (Tyler 1990; Tyler and Huo 2002; Jackson et al. 2012; Tyler and Jackson 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialUrbanska, K., Pehrson, S., & Turner, R. N. (2019) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v7i2.974 · Cited by 9
First Point of Contact: Can Procedural Justice Be Applied by Emergency Calltakers?
Goodier, M., & Lum, C. M. (2022) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paac102 · Cited by 9
Li, L., & Sun, I. Y. (2023) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/07340168231218944 · Cited by 8
“Our study ’ s operationalization of legitimacy was informed by these prior works (Doyle, 2011; Gau et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2017; Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Weisburd et al., 2022; Wolfe et al., 2016).”
Does Procedural Justice Moderate the Effect of Collective Efficacy on Police Legitimacy?
Nam, Y., & Melde, C. (2024) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-024-09753-z · Cited by 9
“…roster of research demonstrates that high levels of police legitimacy engender an array of positive public behaviors, not least of which is self-regulatory behavior, leading to a call for legitimacy-focused policing strategies (Sunshine & Tyler, 2003; Tyler & Huo, 2002; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
InfluentialJonathan-Zamir, T., Perry, G., Kaplan‐Damary, N., & Weisburd, D. L. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-024-09622-z · Cited by 13
“…wide empirical support (e.g., Bolger & Walters, 2019; Dai et al., 2011; Desmond et al., 2016; Dickson et al., 2022; Mazerolle et al., 2012; Murphy et al., 2020; Sunshine & Tyler, 2003; Tyler & Fagan, 2008; Tyler & Huo, 2002; Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Walters & Bolger, 2019; Wolfe et al., 2016).”
Lee, M. Y. K., Wong, M. Y. H., Chan, K. W. A. 陳., Chong, E. K., & Cheung, L. T. O. (2023) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.12630 · Cited by 8
Bolaji, Q., & Metcalfe, C. F. (2024) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287231226188 · Cited by 9
“…on the trust and confidence aspects of this concept that reflect normative attitudes toward the police, as well as shared values with the police (see, e.g., Jackson et al., 2012; Metcalfe et al., 2016; Reisig et al., 2007; Sunshine & Tyler, 2003; Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Walters & Bolger, 2019).”
Kuen, K., Appleton, C. J., Weisburd, D. L., & Uding, C. V. (2025) · American Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1007/s12103-025-09795-x · Cited by 8
“…that procedural justice is the primary antecedent of obligation to obey the police (Kuen et al., 2024; Madon et al., 2017; Sunshine & Tyler, 2003; Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Wolfe et al., 2016), one might expect that if race is the major driving force of the variation of perception of police…”
InfluentialPsychology and the deterrence of corporate crime
Tyler, T. R. (2018) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781783474479.00008 · Cited by 9
Self-citationPower Games: Elites, Movements, and Strategic Cooperation
Holdo, M. (2019) · Political Studies Review · doi:10.1177/1478929919864778 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, in the case where elites have previously refused to recognize the condition of dependence on legitimacy, cooperation may now broaden their possibilities, because legitimacy allows elites to count on acceptance of their decisions and actions (Tyler and Jackson, 2014).”
BackgroundPolice legitimacy or risk-avoidance: what makes people feel safe?
Nalla, M. K., & Gurinskaya, A. (2020) · Journal of Crime and Justice · doi:10.1080/0735648x.2020.1852950 · Cited by 8
“…with trust in it (Walters and Bolger 2019), their effectiveness (Tankebe 2013), the absence of cynicism (Akinlabi 2017), confidence and respect (Murphy and Cherney 2011), police honesty (Tankebe 2008), and, normative alignment (Jackson et al. 2012; Tyler and Jackson 2014; Bradford et al. 2015).”
BackgroundAttitudes toward legal actors among dual system youth
Cavanagh, C., LaBerge, A., & Cauffman, E. E. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12441 · Cited by 8
The Milwaukee youth engagement pilot: Evidence of reciprocal legal socialization in Juvenile Court
Buss, E. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12450 · Cited by 8
Sturges, H. A., Flick, C., Provenza, K. R., & Nunez, N. L. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2561 · Cited by 8
The Role of Procedural Justice in Policing
Pryce, D. K., & Whitaker, I. P. (2022) · Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x22000066 · Cited by 9
Trust and Confidence in Media and Criminal Justice Institutions
Boateng, F. D., & Kaiser, K. A. (2019) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x19845784 · Cited by 12
Hasisi, B., Margalioth, Y. Y., Jonathan-Zamir, T., Perry, G., Zamir, R., & Haviv, N. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11292-020-09424-z · Cited by 8
Assessing a multidimensional model of police legitimacy in South Korea with latent class analysis
Lee, Y. H., & Cho, S. (2020) · Journal of Crime and Justice · doi:10.1080/0735648x.2020.1773897 · Cited by 8
Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country
Hernández, W., & Heimark, K. R. (2021) · Criminology & Criminal Justice · doi:10.1177/17488958211031344 · Cited by 7
“…legitimacy theory (Bennett and Wiegand, 1994; Boateng, 2018; Jackson et al., 2012; Kääriäinen and Sirén, 2011; Tankebe, 2013; Tyler and Fagan, 2008; Tyler and Jackson, 2014), and variations on Black’s theory of the stratification of law (Baumer, 2002; Bennett and Wiegand, 1994; Black, 1979;…”
BackgroundExploring Perceptions of Police Legitimacy: The Role of Family, Friends, and Procedural Justice
Morrow, W. J., & Vickovic, S. G. (2023) · Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/07340168231159368 · Cited by 9
“…legitimacy, more recent de fi nitions of legitimacy contend that it is broader, encompassingconceptssuchasmoralalignment,lawfulness,distributivefairness,proceduralfairness,and effectiveness (Jackson et al., 2012b; Tyler & Jackson, 2014; Bottoms & Tankebe, 2012; Tankebe, 2013a; Tankebe et al., 2016).”
Populist Attitudes and Misinformation Challenging Trust: The Case of Turkey
Erişen, C., & Erişen, E. (2024) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edae056 · Cited by 9
Bradford, B., Weirich, C. A., Rowlands, D., & Crawford, A. (2025) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2025.2508198 · Cited by 12
Liu, J., Wu, G., & Boateng, F. D. (2019) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2019.1696802 · Cited by 7
“…procedural fairness shape their trust in police (Murphy, Mazerolle, & Bennett, 2014; Nix, Wolfe, Rojek, & Kaminski, 2015; Tyler, 2005), and police trustworthiness influences citizens’ cooperation with the police and their participation in law-abiding behavior (Tankebe, 2009; Tyler & Jackson, 2014).”
BackgroundUrbanik, M., Greene, C., & Wojnarowicz, J. (2020) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azaa082 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Tyler, T. R., & Jackson, J.
- Venue
- Psychology, Public Policy, and Law
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-95
- ISSN
- 1076-8971 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1528
- OpenAlex
- W3124082667
- Cited by
- 716
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 157.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychology Public Policy and Law (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale Law School
- New York University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Law › Judicial and Constitutional Studies
- Social Sciences › Public Administration › Public Policy and Administration Research
- Keywords
- public legitimacy, legal authority, legal compliance, public cooperation, citizen participation, police practice, judicial practice, social order, institutional trust
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