Attentional bias for nondrug reward is magnified in addiction.
Open accessAbstract
Attentional biases for drug-related stimuli play a prominent role in addiction, predicting treatment outcomes. Attentional biases also develop for stimuli that have been paired with nondrug rewards in adults without a history of addiction, the magnitude of which is predicted by visual working-memory capacity and impulsiveness. We tested the hypothesis that addiction is associated with an increased attentional bias for nondrug (monetary) reward relative to that of healthy controls, and that this bias is related to working-memory impairments and increased impulsiveness. Seventeen patients receiving methadone-maintenance treatment for opioid dependence and 17 healthy controls participated. Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11; Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995), visual working-memory capacity was measured as the ability to recognize briefly presented color stimuli, and attentional bias was measured as the magnitude of response time slowing caused by irrelevant but previously reward-associated distractors in a visual-search task. The results showed that attention was biased toward the distractors across all participants, replicating previous findings. It is important to note, this bias was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls and was negatively correlated with visual working-memory capacity. Patients were also significantly more impulsive than controls as a group. Our findings demonstrate that patients in treatment for addiction experience greater difficulty ignoring stimuli associated with nondrug reward. This nonspecific reward-related bias could mediate the distracting quality of drug-related stimuli previously observed in addiction.
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Addicts show increased VDAC.
“addicts show increased VDAC (Anderson et al., 2013).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Anderson, B. A., Faulkner, M. L., Rilee, J. J., Yantis, S., & Marvel, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 499-506
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- PMC
- PMC3934504
- OpenAlex
- W2063712765
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 8.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Department of Health and Human Services (R01-DA013165, K01-DA030442, F31-DA033754)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attentional bias, monetary rewards, addiction, opioid use disorder, methadone maintenance treatment, visual working memory, impulsivity, visual search
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Methadone, Opioid-Related Disorders, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Reward, Behavior, Addictive
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