When goals conflict with values: Counterproductive attentional and oculomotor capture by reward-related stimuli.
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Attention provides the gateway to cognition, by selecting certain stimuli for further analysis. Recent research demonstrates that whether a stimulus captures attention is not determined solely by its physical properties, but is malleable, being influenced by our previous experience of rewards obtained by attending to that stimulus. Here we show that this influence of reward learning on attention extends to task-irrelevant stimuli. In a visual search task, certain stimuli signaled the magnitude of available reward, but reward delivery was not contingent on responding to those stimuli. Indeed, any attentional capture by these critical distractor stimuli led to a reduction in the reward obtained. Nevertheless, distractors signaling large reward produced greater attentional and oculomotor capture than those signaling small reward. This counterproductive capture by task-irrelevant stimuli is important because it demonstrates how external reward structures can produce patterns of behavior that conflict with task demands, and similar processes may underlie problematic behavior directed toward real-world rewards.
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These studies demonstrated that a reward-signaling stimulus demanded attention irrespective of it being detrimental to task performance and reward payout.
“These studies instead demonstrated that a reward-signaling stimulus demanded attention irrespective of it being detrimental to task performance and reward payout (e.g., Le Pelley et al., 2015; Failing et al., 2015; Failing & Theeuwes, 2017).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Le Pelley et al., 2015
Other studies observed no such learning under conditions in which attentional suppression would have been the appropriate response that also would have led to more reward payout.
“However, other studies observed no such learning under conditions in which attentional suppression would have been the appropriate response that also would have led to more reward payout.”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Le Pelley et al., 2015
A distinction between Pavlovian and instrumental associations has been demonstrated in behavioral studies.
“A distinction between both has been demonstrated in behavioral studies (Della Libera & Chelazzi, 2009; Le Pelley et al., 2015; see also Chelazzi et al., 2013)”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Le Pelley et al., 2015
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Common Priority Map for Selection History, Reward and Emotion in the Oculomotor System
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Attentional economics links value-modulated attentional capture and decision-making
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Self-citationCapture and Control: Working Memory Modulates Attentional Capture by Reward-Related Stimuli
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Self-citationOculomotor capture is influenced by expected reward value but (maybe) not predictiveness
Pelley, M. E. L., Pearson, D., Porter, A., Yee, H. F., & Luque, D. (2017) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2017.1313874 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationReward alters the perception of time
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Pupil dilation as an implicit measure of appetitive Pavlovian learning
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Distractors that signal reward attract the eyes
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Threat reduces value-driven but not salience-driven attentional capture.
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Controlled information processing, automaticity, and the burden of proof
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Reward association facilitates distractor suppression in human visual search
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Associative Accounts of Causal Cognition
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Self-citationEye Tracking in Visual Search Experiments
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Overt attentional capture by reward-related stimuli overcomes inhibitory suppression.
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Self-citationNeurocognitive predictors of addiction-related outcomes: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
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Self-citationSelection history in context: Evidence for the role of reinforcement learning in biasing attention
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How does the attention system learn from aversive outcomes?
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Distractors associated with reward break through the focus of attention
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Eye Tracking as a Tool for Examining Cognitive Processes
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Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients
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- Authors
- Le Pelley, M. E., Pearson, D., Griffiths, O., & Beesley, T.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 158-171
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2125474002
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 12.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (FT100100260)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- attentional capture, oculomotor capture, reward learning, task-irrelevant distractors, visual search, reward magnitude, counterproductive behavior, extrinsic rewards
- MeSH terms
- Problem Behavior, Adolescent, Association Learning, Attention, Color Perception, Conflict, Psychological, Cues, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reaction Time, Reward, Saccades, Social Values, Students, Young Adult
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