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Integrating mindfulness with parent training: effects of the Mindfulness-Enhanced Strengthening Families Program
Open accessAbstract
There is growing support for the efficacy of mindfulness training with parents as an intervention technique to improve parenting skills and reduce risk for youth problem behaviors. The evidence, however, has been limited to small scale studies, many with methodological shortcomings. This study sought to integrate mindfulness training with parents into the Strengthening Families Program: For Parents and Youth 10-14 (SFP 10-14), an empirically-validated family-based preventive intervention. It used a randomized-controlled comparative effectiveness study design (N = 432 families, 31% racial/ethnic minority) to test the efficacy of the Mindfulness-Enhanced Strengthening Families Program (MSFP), compared to standard SFP 10-14 and a minimal-treatment home study control condition. Results indicated that, in general, MSFP was as effective as SFP 10-14 in improving multiple dimensions of parenting, including interpersonal mindfulness in parenting, parent-youth relationship quality, youth behavior management, and parent well-being, according to both parent and youth reports at both postintervention and 1-year follow-up. This study also found that in some areas MSFP boosted and better sustained the effects of SFP 10-14, especially for fathers. Although the pattern of effects was not as uniform as hypothesized, this study provides intriguing evidence for the unique contribution of mindfulness activities to standard parent training.
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“Moreover, their inadequate understanding of mindfulness pre-intervention could have resulted in them scoring themselves higher. After undergoing the intervention, they would have acquired a better understanding of mindfulness and hence scored themselves more accurately (Coatsworth et al. 2015).”
From The Effect of Mindfulness-Based and Acceptance Commitment Therapy-Based Interventions to Improve the Mental Well-Being Among Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2022) · cites this paper as Coatsworth et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the benefits of parent participation in a mindfulness intervention spill over from parents’ themselves as individuals to the parent-child relationship and, in turn, youth outcomes (Bogels et al. 2013; Chaplin et al. 2018; Coatsworth et al. 2015).”
From Mindfulness Interventions to Reduce Impact of Interparental Conflict on Adolescents. (2020) · cites this paper as Coatsworth et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Three studies included multiple respondents for child emotional and behavioural adjustment, parenting skills, and parent mindfulness outcomes, including mother, father and/or child reports (Coatsworth 2010; Coatsworth 2015; Gewirtz 2018).”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Low risk All expected outcomes were reported.However, in the absence of a trial protocol, there is some uncertainty here.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“High risk The mesures adopted to blind outcome assessment from the knowledge of which intervention a participant received were not reported in the study.The study uses only self-report measures, and so the risk of bias as been assessed as high.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“High risk There appeared to be minimal treatment differences in the base parent program across the groups, however there were some changes in the program to incorporate the mindfulness training and an attentional control was use rather than a no treatment control.For these reason, the risk of performance bias has been assessed as high.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
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In the citing paper
“Multiple studies suggest that mindfulness training can improve relationship satisfaction and quality, although these studies have targeted adults in romantic relationships (e.g., Carson et al. 2004) or parents (e.g., Coatsworth et al. 2015).”
From Mindfulness Interventions to Reduce Impact of Interparental Conflict on Adolescents. (2020) · cites this paper as Coatsworth et al. 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In four studies, an eligible intervention group was compared to two eligible control groups (Coatsworth 2010; Coatsworth 2015; Dawe 2007; Whittingham 2013).”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Though an intention-to-treat analysis was conducted, no detailed information was provided about how the imputted datasets were used”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
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In the citing paper
“High risk There was no information provided about whether participants or researchers were blinded.Given the nature of this type of study, blinding of both participants and researchers is not generally feasible, and so we have judged the risk of performance bias as high.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
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In the citing paper
“The attrition rate was approximately 21%.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“High risk The attrition rate was approximately 21%.”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Though an intention-to-treat analysis was conducted, no detailed information was provided about how the imputted datasets were used”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Coatsworth 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Citations
Cites
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg016 · Cited by 8,615
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future.
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Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.205 · Cited by 2,438
Self-citationCarmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7 · Cited by 1,823
Tunis (2003) · doi:10.1001/jama.290.12.1624 · Cited by 1,724
A Meta-analytic Review of Components Associated with Parent Training Program Effectiveness
Wyatt Kaminski, J., Valle, L. A., Filene, J. H., & Boyle, C. L. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9201-9 · Cited by 1,721
Minor Parenting Stresses with Young Children
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Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Cohen J Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1977 Academic Press New York
- Duncan LG Coatsworth JD Gayles J Geier M Greenberg MT Using Mother-Youth Behavioral Observations to Discriminate High Versus Low Self-Reported Mindful Parenting. Journal of Family Psychology in press PMC4586022 25844494
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Parenting in context: Revisiting Belsky’s classic process of parenting model in early childhood
Taraban, L., & Shaw, D. S. (2018) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.006 · Cited by 338
Mindfulness-based interventions with youth: A comprehensive meta-analysis of group-design studies
Klingbeil, D. A., Renshaw, T. L., Willenbrink, J. B., Copek, R. A., Chan, K. T., Haddock, A., Yassine, J., & Clifton, J. (2017) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2017.03.006 · Cited by 312
Gouveia, M. J., Carona, C., Canavarro, M. C., & Moreira, H. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0507-y · Cited by 303
Mabbe, E., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., van der Kaap‐Deeder, J., & Mouratidis, A. A. (2018) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2018.1444131 · Cited by 208
Understanding How Mindful Parenting May Be Linked to Mother–Adolescent Communication
Lippold, M. A., Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., Nix, R. L., & Greenberg, M. T. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-015-0325-x · Cited by 154
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L. G., Nix, R. L., Greenberg, M. T., Gayles, J. G., Bamberger, K. T., Berrena, E., & Demi, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 26-35
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- PMC
- PMC4485922
- OpenAlex
- W1976348101
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 16.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (RO1DA026217, T32 DA017629, F31DA03849)
- Pennsylvania State University Children Youth and Families Consortium
- National Institutes of Health (K01AT005270)
- The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- mindfulness training, parent training, Strengthening Families Program, parenting skills, parent-youth relationships, parental well-being, family-based prevention, fathers, comparative effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Emotions, Family, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Personal Satisfaction, Program Evaluation, Parenting, Mindfulness
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