The Development of Leisure Boredom in Early Adolescence: Predictors and Longitudinal Associations with Delinquency and Depression
Abstract
The literature proposes that leisure boredom may systematically increase during adolescence. Moreover, some authors assume that this hypothesized developmental trend is associated with increases in youthful delinquency and depression. Individual dispositions (e.g., temperamental disinhibition) are believed to exacerbate the relationship between boredom and delinquency. This study investigated whether (1) leisure boredom really is an increasing phenomenon during early adolescence; (2) gender, temperamental disinhibition, shyness, family relationship quality, peer rejection, a deprived school context, and rural/urban living explain developmental variations in boredom; (3) boredom is longitudinally and reciprocally related to delinquency and depression; and (4) bored disinhibited adolescents are particularly likely to become delinquent and to use delinquent acts to mitigate boredom. Analyses were based on a German sample of school students (N = 722) who provided annual self-reports on study variables from age 10 to 14 years. Bivariate growth curve models captured correlations between developmental trajectories of boredom and delinquency/depression. Cross-lagged models examined reciprocal short-term associations. Analyses revealed a modest increase in leisure boredom during early adolescence. Disinhibition and qualities of proximal social contexts (family, peers, school) were related to boredom with peer rejection showing the most consistent longitudinal association. Boredom was developmentally associated with depression whereas longitudinal associations with delinquency were weaker and more short-term. Temperamentally disinhibited adolescents appeared to buffer leisure boredom by means of delinquency. Results support person-context models of leisure boredom with regard to its etiology and consequences. Findings further demonstrate that leisure boredom plays a prominent role in the developmental adaptation of adolescents.
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Boredom susceptibility is closely associated with internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression.
“The literature suggested that boredom susceptibility is closely associated with internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression [22]”
From The Role of Pre-Pandemic Mental Health Status and Personality Traits on Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Lockdown among Italian Young Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
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El aburrimiento como competencia: educación para un mundo sobrestimulado
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El aburrimiento como competencia: educación para un mundo sobrestimulado
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The Control Model of Criminal Lifestyle Development
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Contexts of Marijuana Use and Cessation among Frequently-Using Youth in Primary Care
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Responses to Contemporary Moral Problems
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El papel de docentes, familia e iguales en el ocio de los adolescentes
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Boredom and Crime: An Individual-Level Theory
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Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Adolescent Anhedonia Scale
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Boredom in Psychiatric Disorders: Another Dimensional Construct?
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- Authors
- Spaeth, M., Weichold, K., & Silbereisen, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- ORCID
- Weichold, Karina
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1380-1394
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W1800534297
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Keywords
- leisure boredom, early adolescence, delinquency, adolescent depression, shyness, peer rejection, family relationship quality, urban-rural differences, developmental trajectories, bidirectional relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Attitude, Boredom, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Leisure Activities, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk Factors
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