Childhood self-regulation as a mechanism through which early overcontrolling parenting is associated with adjustment in preadolescence
Open accessAbstract
We examined longitudinal associations across an 8-year time span between overcontrolling parenting during toddlerhood, self-regulation during early childhood, and social, emotional, and academic adjustment in preadolescence (N = 422). Overcontrolling parenting, emotion regulation (ER), and inhibitory control (IC) were observed in the laboratory; preadolescent adjustment was teacher-reported and child self-reported. Results from path analysis indicated that overcontrolling parenting at age 2 was associated negatively with ER and IC at age 5, which, in turn, were associated with more child-reported emotional and school problems, fewer teacher-reported social skills, and less teacher-reported academic productivity at age 10. These effects held even when controlling for prior levels of adjustment at age 5, suggesting that ER and IC in early childhood may be associated with increases and decreases in social, emotional, and academic functioning from childhood to preadolescence. Finally, indirect effects from overcontrolling parenting at age 2 to preadolescent outcomes at age 10 were significant, both through IC and ER at age 5. These results support the notion that parenting during toddlerhood is associated with child adjustment into adolescence through its relation with early developing self-regulatory skills. (PsycINFO Database Record
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There are fewer regulatory strategies to be called upon when the child is without caregiver assistance.
“Consequently, there are fewer regulatory strategies to be called upon when the child is without caregiver assistance (Perry et al., 2018).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2018
In “The Role of Parenting in the Development of Self-Regulatory Skills,” the paper says that overcontrolling parenting limits opportunities to practice regulation and that fewer strategies *may* be internalized or available without caregiver assistance. The citing sentence presents that qualified possibility as a certainty. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRestriction of exposure to challenges by intervening before a child has struggled or failed undermines the child's effort to establish healthy regulatory strategies.
“The restriction of exposure to challenges by intervening before a child has struggled or failed undermines the child's effort to establish healthy regulatory strategies (Perry et al., 2018).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2018
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- Calkins SD Perry NB Dollar JM 2016 A biopsychosocial model of the development of self-regulation in infancy Balter L Tamis-LeMonda C Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues 3 3rd 3 20 Routledge New York, NY
- Goldsmith HH Rothbart MK 1993 The laboratory temperament assessment battery: Locomotor Version 2.02 (LAB-TAB) Madison University of Wisconsin Press
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Sorted by citations
Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective
Roth, G., Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000403 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Luthar, S. S., Kumar, N. L., & Zillmer, N. (2019) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000556 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ryan, R. M., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2019) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12440 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
Vigdal, J. S., & Brønnick, K. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872981 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Lin, S. C., Kehoe, C. E., Pozzi, E., Liontos, D., & Whittle, S. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13894 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Food” and “non-food” self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis
Russell, C. G., & Russell, A. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00928-5 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“In this literature, self-regulation has been conceived as an umbrella term, with the development of self-regulation occurring across a number of domains or levels of functioning including physiological arousal, attentional engagement and disengagement, emotional regulation, behavioral regulation, and executive cogniti…”
BackgroundAssociations between Children’s Risky Play and ECEC Outdoor Play Spaces and Materials
Sandseter, E. B. H., Sando, O. J., & Kleppe, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073354 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Grover, R. L., Nangle, D. W., Buffie, M. L., & Andrews, L. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817752-5.00001-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Don't you say it that way! Experimental evidence that controlling voices elicit defiance
Weinstein, N., Vansteenkiste, M., & Paulmann, S. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103949 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Change in Population-Based Parenting Interventions for Children and Adolescents
Sanders, M. R., & Mazzucchelli, T. G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2022.2025598 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Controlling Parenting Behaviors in Parents of Children Born Preterm: A Meta-Analysis
Toscano, C., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2019) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000762 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Parental use of controlling strategies impairs children’s capacity for self-regulation and can lead to social, emotional, and behavioral problems.(5) Results so far have been inconsistent as to whether parents of preterm children are more controlling than parents of fullterm children.”
BackgroundThe Intensification of Parenting in Germany: The Role of Socioeconomic Background and Family Form
Walper, S., & Kreyenfeld, M. R. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci11030134 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lin, S.-Y., Hirst, G., Wu, C., Lee, C., Wu, W., & Chang, C.-C. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113341 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Relations Among Stress, Executive Functions, and Harsh Parenting in Mothers
Park, J. L., & Johnston, C. (2020) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00622-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Garcia, K. M., Carlton, C. N., & Richey, J. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.614318 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“(69) found that overcontrolling parenting at age 2 was negatively associated with emotion regulation and inhibitory control by age 5.”
BackgroundAutonomic profiles and self‐regulation outcomes in early childhood
Zeytinoglu, S., Calkins, S. D., & Leerkes, E. M. (2021) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13215 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationMueller, M. A. E., & Flouri, E. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101472 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bradley, R. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108866040 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Parenting - Empirical Advances and Intervention Resources
Benedetto, L., & Ingrassia, M. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/63688 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Helicopter Parenting and Adolescent Development: From the Perspective of Mental Health
Srivastav, D., & Mathur, M. N. L. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.93155 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Maternal reminiscing as critical to emotion socialization
Fıvush, R., & Salmon, K. (2023) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2023.200281 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sandseter, E. B. H., Sando, O. J., Lorås, H. W., Kleppe, R., Storli, L., BRUSSONI, M. J., Bundy, A. C., Schwebel, D. C., Ball, D. J., Haga, M., et al. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/45857 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“In addition, there are indications that the lack of risky play and autonomy increases the likelihood of anxiety, both in childhood [21-24] and subsequently in adolescence and adulthood [18,25-29].”
BackgroundMaternal caregiving, prosocial behavior, and self‐esteem in middle childhood
Coulombe, B. R., & Yates, T. M. (2021) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12576 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Belizaire, S., Powers, M., & Mekawi, Y. (2023) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12951 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhang, R., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01685-3 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
van der Kaap‐Deeder, J., Soenens, B., Mouratidis, A. A., Pauw, S. S. W. D., Krøjgaard, P., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001048 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-regulation as promotive for academic achievement in young children across risk contexts
Distefano, R., Grenell, A., Palmer, A. R., Houlihan, K., Masten, A. S., & Carlson, S. M. (2021) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101050 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Developmental Pathway from Early Inhibitory Control to Social Connectedness
Zeytinoglu, S., Morales, S., Henderson, H. A., & Fox, N. A. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01023-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“, 1999) and lower child-report of emotional problems and school-related problems (Perry et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSadoughi, M. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104579 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bailes, L. G., & Leerkes, E. M. (2023) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0001060 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, D., Li, W., Lin, X., & Zhu, X. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02455-z · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“While prior studies have explored the direct effects of overprotective parenting on various psychological outcomes, such as increased anxiety and diminished self-regulation [125], our research builds on these findings by illustrating the specific mechanisms through which these effects occur.”
Roles of recalled parenting experiences and effortful control in adult daily emotion regulation
Tammilehto, J., Flykt, M. S., Peltonen, K., Kuppens, P., Bosmans, G., & Lindblom, J. (2023) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2023.2209711 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In toddlers, observed parental overcontrol predicts lower effortful control abilities one (Eisenberg et al., 2015) and three years later (Perry et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe Relationship Between Parental Care and Pain in Children With Headache: A Narrative Review
Natalucci, G., Faedda, N., Baglioni, V., & Guidetti, V. (2020) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13822 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Gradually, children learn how manage with their own actions and emotions, practice self-regulating behaviors, and how to apply this information in every-day life experiences.(47,48) So, if parents are not able to regulate their emotions and feelings, or to express them in the right way in the right context, there may…”
BackgroundEmerging self-regulatory skills in childhood predict cardiometabolic risk in adolescence
Dollar, J. M., Calkins, S. D., Shriver, L. H., Keane, S. P., Shanahan, L., & Wideman, L. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100070 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“For instance, it is well-established that caregiver behaviors contribute significantly to the development of SR [20,69].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCutting the cord? Parenting emerging adults with chronic pain
Lunde, C. E., Fisher, E., Donovan, E., Serbic, D., & Sieberg, C. B. (2022) · Paediatric and Neonatal Pain · doi:10.1002/pne2.12072 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alsancak-Akbulut, C., & Akik, B. K. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06107-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…(Arnett, 2004); therefore, restriction of autonomy and over-involvement may constitute obstacles to self-development and may limit emerging adults’ opportunities for gaining age-appropriate skills, competence (Schiffrin et al., 2014, 2019), and healthy regulatory strategies (Perry et al., 2018).”
Yaffe, Y. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01757-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…childhood, overcontrolling parenting tends to precede and interfere with the child’s opportunities to self-regulate his or her emotions and behaviors, resulting with diminishing the child’s experiences of practicing emotional regularity [14], especially with regard to situations of fear arousal.”
Parental Overprotection and Sleep Problems in Young Children
Pizzo, A., Sandstrom, A., Drobinin, V., Propper, L., Uher, R., & Pavlová, B. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01199-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lin, W., Wu, J., Wu, Y., & He, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052959 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“For example, limiting the scope of risky play and pre-schoolers’ autonomy increases anxiety, both in childhood [17,18], and in adolescence and adulthood [19,20].”
BackgroundExploring self‐care practices of African American informal kinship caregivers
Washington, T., Walton, Q. L., Kaye, H., Hong, J. S., & Cook, B. L. (2023) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.13047 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Graziano, P. A., Sibley, M. H., Coxe, S. J., Bickman, L., Martin, P., Scheres, A., & Hernandez, M. L. (2023) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2023.08.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aninditha, R., & Boediman, L. M. (2021) · Psikoislamika Jurnal Psikologi dan Psikologi Islam · doi:10.18860/psikoislamika.v18i1.12121 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Kemampuan regulasi diri merupakan kemampuan individu mengatur dorongan serta perilaku dalam rangka memenuhi tuntutan lingkungan (Perry et al., 2018).”
BackgroundAutonomy and risk perception in Congo Basin developmental systems
Boyette, A. H. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104891 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“For instance, one longitudinal study examined the effects of overcontrolling parenting (a synonym for intensive parenting) over an 8-year time span and found evidence for early life impacts on children ’ s self-regulatory skills (Perry et al., 2018).”
Too Much of a Good Thing? Associations among Parenting Profiles and Helicopter Parenting
Turner, K. A., Elkins, S. R., Walther, C. A. P., Short, M. B., & Schanding, G. T. (2022) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807221123554 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…parents of younger children, and findings suggest children of parents higher in the construct of helicopter parenting show lower emotion regulation (Perry et al., 2018), decreased social and emotional learning skills (Hussain et al., 2021), heightened entitlement (Segrin et al., 2012), poor…”
BackgroundSCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF MUKACHEVO STATE UNIVERSITY. SERIES “PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY”
(2022) · Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Pedagogy and Psychology” · doi:10.52534/msu-pp.8(3).2022 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Daddy, May I? The Interaction of Fathers' Parenting Styles and Their Children's Personality
Massey-Abernathy, A. R. (2022) · Journal of Social Psychology Research · doi:10.37256/jspr.1220221364 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Overcontrolling parenting is related to the child’s decreased emotion regulation and inhibitory control which can lead to future problems for the child (Perry et al., 2018).”
BackgroundTroop‐Gordon, W., Schwartz, D., Mayeux, L., & McWood, L. M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818872-9.00049-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Friedman, G., & Mezulis, A. H. (2025) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941241312315 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…control during toddlerhood, characterized by maternal efforts to exert control over their child ’ s emotions, is linked to an increased likelihood of children having dif fi culties in regulating their emotional expressions and controlling their behavior in early childhood (Perry et al., 2018).”
Manousiadou, A. (2022) · Open Journal of Psychology · doi:10.31586/ojp.2021.199 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Typology of Social Skills and Their Impairments in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Horishna, N. (2022) · Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Pedagogy and Psychology” · doi:10.52534/msu-pp.8(3).2022.33-38 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Validitas Konstruk (CFA) dan Model Rasch Alat Ukur Regulasi Diri untuk Anak Usia 3-7 tahun
Fitrizqi, S., & Susanto, H. (2021) · PAUDIA JURNAL PENELITIAN DALAM BIDANG PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI · doi:10.26877/paudia.v10i1.8058 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Мотовилин, О. Г., Николаевна, С. Е., & Khairov, R. R. (2022) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-12-71-84 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Epistemic Curiosity Scale for Young Children: A Scale Adaptation to Turkish
Saraç, S., Mede, E., & Abanoz, T. (2023) · Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies in Psychology · doi:10.26650/sp2021-1050551 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fatherhood in the context of preterm birth: A narrative review of contemporary research evidence
Driant, B. L., & Hamon, E. (2024) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12591 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Since the latter half of the 20th century, research in developmental psychology has been investigating the role of children ’ s early socioaffective environment in their development (Perry et al., 2018; Rocha et al., 2020; Sameroff & Fiese, 2000; Trevarthen & Aitken, 2003).”
do Amaral, P. H., Hirschmann, R., & Munhoz, T. N. (2025) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232025303.14252023 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Goldenthal, H., Gouze, K. R., Russo, J. M., Raviv, T., Holley, C., & Cicchetti, C. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01595-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Takeuchi, S., Hagiwara, K., & Ueno, T. (2024) · Pediatric Transplantation · doi:10.1111/petr.14849 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“From a child’s perspective, the respect for their agency under nurturing support from early childhood is associated with future high self-regulation through the development of inhibitory control and emotional regulation in early childhood [21, 22].”
Russell, C. G., & Russell, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.976049 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Moilanen, K. L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00080-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Weis, M., Cardona, R. A., & Trommsdorff, G. (2023) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2023.2271410 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Further, we understand self-regulation as a multidimensional construct, which includes the aspects of behavior and emotion regulation (e.g., McClelland et al., 2007, 2010; Perry et al., 2018; Raffaelli et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCui, Z., Duprey, E. B., Huffman, L. G., Liu, S., Smith, E. P., Caughy, M. O., & Oshri, A. (2024) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2024.101730 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kleppe, R., Sando, O. J., Majdandžić, M., & Sandseter, E. B. H. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251360080 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…contrast, lack of opportunities to experience autonomy, challenging situations and risk, may increase the likelihood of anxiety and/or lack of coping skills, both in childhood (Affrunti & Ginsburg, 2012; Dodd & Lester, 2021) and in adolescence and adulthood (Gere et al., 2012; Perry et al., 2018).”
Dollar, J. M., Leerkes, E. M., Shriver, L. H., Eagleton, S. G., & Wideman, L. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25217-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Children who experience more sensitive parenting during infancy, characterized by prompt, consistent, and supportive responses to their cues, develop more adaptive self-regulation [29–35].”
Self-citationClaes, R., Denies, K., Smedt, B. D., & Aesaert, K. (2026) · Large-scale Assessments in Education · doi:10.1186/s40536-025-00277-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Over the past few decades, research has significantly advanced our understanding of characteristics that predict each of these specific skills during early childhood (e.g., playing number games at home as a predictor for children’s early numer-acy skills; Daucourt et al., 2021; Perry et al., 2018).”
Pérez, J. C., Coo, S., Aldoney, D., González, C. I., Fernández, O. M., Prieto, F., & Silva, J. (2026) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/01650254251414350 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Specifically, high reactivity and poor self-regulation skills increase the risk of displaying internalizing and externalizing symptomatology (Muris et al., 2011; Perry et al., 2018; White et al., 2013).”
Souza-Marabotto, F., Durán-Vinagre, M. Á., Bizzozero‐Peroni, B., & Brazo‐Sayavera, J. (2026) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70269 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sahakian, B. J., & Langley, C. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261466620 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Setyaningrum, N., Darmawan, A. I., Sari, C. K., & Suud, F. M. (2026) · Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing · doi:10.1080/24694193.2026.2692356 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Research showed that overcontrolling and neglectful parenting were linked to heightened social avoidance and poor emotion regulation in adolescents (Mathijs et al., 2024; Perry et al., 2018).”
Tsotsi, S., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Empowering teaching and learning through policies and practice · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7405-1_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Public Opinion of WA Residents on Free-range Parenting and Its Legal Implications on Child Neglect
Huang, R., Barry, L., Niehl, S., Springer, R., Mader, E., & Maloney, T. (2022) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.2136 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cho, D. E., & Lee, W. K. (2022) · Korean Journal of Child Studies · doi:10.5723/kjcs.2022.43.4.425 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social skills for the educational integration of pre-adolescent and adolescent immigrants
Fernández-Leyva, C., Fernández, M. T., & Ortiz-Marcos, J. M. (2023) · Intercultural Education · doi:10.1080/14675986.2023.2180620 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…contexts that are maladapted towards the immigrant population (Baton, Crosland, and Haynes 2019), it must be taken into account that there are differences in the acquisition of social skills between the stages of pre-adolescence (12–14 years) and adolescence (15–18 years) (Perry et al. 2018).”
BackgroundLions or Cheetahs? Who is Responsible for Raising Kids in Faith?
Douglass, K. M. (2024) · Religious Education · doi:10.1080/00344087.2024.2358282 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Societal Influences on the Contemporary Family
Townsend, J. A., Wells, M., & Dormois, L. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119680987.ch5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Recognition of speech emotion in Call Centre conversations in a multilingual environment
Zvarevashe, K. (2021) · doi:10.51415/10321/3801 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Epstein, R., Nanayakkara, P., Newland, A., Wang, N., & Zankich, V. R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4531923 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Creasy, R., & Corby, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11842-6_4
Silva, K., & Miller, V. A. (2019) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2019.1700797
Vietnamese university students' perspective on Peter Pan Syndrome
My, H., Vo, T. M., Nguyen, X. T. T., & Tran-Chi, V.-L. (2021) · International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine · doi:10.47552/ijam.v12i3.2082
Chan, E. (2021) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3-2a04-v182
Parenting Principles to Help Youths: Debunking Common Parenting Myths
Delgado, S. V., Pedapati, E. V., & Strawn, J. R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88075-0_8
Creasy, R., & Corby, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11842-6_7
Impact of Parental Representations and Related Parenting Behavior On Children
ÖZTÜRK, C., & Güzel, H. Ş. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1137385
Byun, Y. (2023) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.239354
Ee, S. H., Arshat, Z., & Ismail, N. B. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i16/18762
“Perry et al (2018) demonstrated that controlling parenting was associated with poorer emotion regulation among five-year-olds, which showed an association with emotional problems five years later.”
BackgroundInfluentialBustillos, R. J. C., M., V. G. V., Samson, M. D., Cruz, J. O., Lorenzo, H. A. D., Barrientos, B. B., Baticados, J. J. R., Mary Maclin Mei, D., Dablo, I. O., & Limos-Galay, J. A. (2024) · International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology · doi:10.5861/ijrset.2024.8033
Acknowledging a Shared Destiny
Ocampo, R. (2024) · Global perspectives in applied sport and performance psychology. · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69320-5_4
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ САМОРЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СУЧАСНИХ ПІДЛІТКІВ
Обелець, І. М. (2024) · Дніпровський науковий часопис публічного управління психології права · doi:10.51547/ppp.dp.ua/2024.3.21
do Amaral, P. H., Hirschmann, R., & Munhoz, T. N. (2025) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232025303.14252023en
Gungordu, N., Hernandez‐Reif, M., & DeCaro, J. A. (2025) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2025.2484215
“Young children whose parents engage in higher parental involvement display lower emotion regulation (Perry et al., 2018), elevated enti-tlement (Segrin et al., 2012), lower social and emotional learning abilities (Hussain et al., 2021), poor child–parent communication (Leung & Busiol, 2016), and…”
Parental “Hovering”: An Integrative Review and Critical Reflection on Helicopter Parenting Research
高, 巍. (2025) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2025.156344
Gömeç, G. K., & Çelik, Y. (2025) · Ege Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.12984/egeefd.1589499
García, R. M., Villar, M. B. C., & Crespo, L. V. (2024) · Ciencias Sociales y Educación · doi:10.22395/csye.v13n25a7
Bandır, S. A., Kızıltepe, R., & Kaçar‐Başaran, S. (2025) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1766185
Özdemir, P. A. (2025) · Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17494/ogusbd.1684688
Zhang, J., Xue, H., & Qiao, L. (2026) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108701
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE SELF-REGULATION SKILLS SCALE FOR INFANTS
Savcı, F., & Akyol, A. K. (2026) · İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi · doi:10.33715/inonusaglik.1846048
- Authors
- Perry, N. B., Dollar, J. M., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., & Shanahan, L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1542-1554
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- PMC
- PMC6062452
- OpenAlex
- W2809043938
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 55625, MH 55584, MH 74077, MH 58144)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, inhibitory control, social adaptation, emotional adjustment, academic adjustment, toddlerhood, parenting styles
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Academic Success, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Adjustment, Parenting, Executive Function, Emotional Intelligence, Social Skills
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