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Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility.
Abstract
Ss overheard an epileptic seizure. They believed either that they alone heard the emergency, or that 1 or 4 unseen others were also present. As predicted the presence of other bystanders reduced the individual's feelings of personal responsibility and lowered his speed of reporting (p < .01). In groups of size 3, males reported no faster than females, and females reported no slower when the 1 other bystander was a male rather than a female. In general, personality and background measures were not predictive of helping. Bystander inaction in real-life emergencies is often explained by apathy, alienation, and anomie. This experiment suggests that the explanation may lie more in the bystander's response to other observers than in his indifference to the victim.
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“Darley and Latan e (1968) showed that people in larger groups feel less responsible and less personally addressed, which creates a bystander effect.”
From Influencer Marketing on Instagram: Empirical Research on Social Media Engagement with Sponsored Posts (2022) · cites this paper as Darley and Latan e (1968)
In the citing paper
“Despite macroinfluencers' sponsored posts being exposed to a larger number of users (De Veirman, Cauberghe, and Hudders 2017), people in larger groups feel less responsible and addressed and then stand by rather than act (Darley and Latan e 1968).”
From Influencer Marketing on Instagram: Empirical Research on Social Media Engagement with Sponsored Posts (2022) · cites this paper as Darley and Latan e 1968
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Commitment, crime, and the responsive bystander: effect of the commitment form and conformism
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“Again, such results are congruent with the results reported in the literature examining the effect of the presence of others on reactions in emergency situations (Darley & Latané, 1968; Harris & Robinson, 1973; Latané & Rodin, 1969; Ross, 1971; Smith et al., 1972).”
BackgroundResultAbdelmonem, A. (2015) · Égypte/Monde arabe · doi:10.4000/ema.3526 · Cited by 8
“Darley & Latane 1968; Thornberg 2007. breaking of a norm if they feel personally invested in the norm.”
BackgroundThe Image of the Police in Israel
Gurevitch, M., Danet, B., & Schwartz, G. (1971) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.2307/3052842 · Cited by 8
Deception and self‐deception in health care
de Vries, J., & Timmins, F. (2016) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/nup.12126 · Cited by 10
“The more ambiguous or contradictory the evidence is, the more likely we will see external attribution (Kelley, 1967; Tavris & Aronson, 2007), trivialization (Harrison, 2006), or diffusion of responsibility (Darley & Latan e, 1968).”
BackgroundHampton, K. N. (2016) · City and Community · doi:10.1111/cico.12206 · Cited by 8
“Studies of bystander effects (Darley and Latane 1968) and unplanned helping behavior have since documented a range of contextual variables that separate those places where there is anonymity and cynicism from those where there is a sense of watchfulness and altruism (Sampson 2012; Zimbardo 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Darley, J. M., & Latane, B.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1968
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4, Pt.1
- Pages
- 377-383
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2171602877
- Semantic Scholar
- a17d8ee9f157ebeb2f520406c1d79346ceb532c8
- Cited by
- 3,083
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 158 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 178 · 2020: 152 · 2019: 175 · 2018: 168 · 2017: 131 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 118 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 135 · 2012: 99
- FWCI
- 113.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Keywords
- bystander intervention, diffusion of responsibility, emergency situations, helping behavior, personal responsibility, group size, gender differences, apathy, anomie, alienation
- MeSH terms
- Character, Conflict, Psychological, Decision Making, Emergencies, Female, Group Processes, Group Structure, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Perception, Psychology, Social, Reaction Time, Sex Factors
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