Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.

“FNE is defined as a persistent concern regarding potential negative judgments during social interactions (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“Social anxiety refers to excessive tension, worry, and fear in social situations, with an intensity that is out of proportion to the actual social context [15].”

“…often accompanied by avoidance behaviors such as reducing the frequency of appearances in public settings and feeling uncomfortable or fearful in situations requiring social interaction (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Leary, 2021; Schlenker and Leary, 1982; Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“Social avoidance refers to an individual’s tendency to stay away from social scenarios like interactions or communications with others (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“This study measured patients’ social avoidance using the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale developed by Watson and Friend (25).”

“Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) is a type of anxiety indicated by Fear of other people's evaluations, avoidance of evaluative circumstances, and the expectation that others would negatively evaluate them (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“For this we used the RSES and FNE scale, two reliable and valid quantitative tools that are often used in social psychology to study individual persons’ level of selfesteem and extent of FNE, respectively (Rosenberg, 1965; Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“In addition, SAD participants showed a larger amplitude compared with HC participants [F(1,46) = 5.”

“The mediating role of social anxiety and interpersonal distress Social anxiety is the feeling of distress, discomfort, and fear in social situations (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Watson and Friend (1969) assessed degree of social anxiety in terms of research participants’ experience of the fear emotion, avoidance of social situations, and negative cognitive evaluations; Clark and Wells (1995) noted that during social situations, socially anxious individuals focus almost…”

“The subscale of the Social Avoidance of the Social Avoidance and Distress (SAD) scale (Watson & Friend, 1969) was used to assess participants' social avoidance.”

“We used the variables fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance and distress as an indicator of perceived (Watson and Friend, 1969; Antony et al., 2006).”

“Olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ölçeğinin kısa formunun ölçeğin orijinal formu ile olan korelasyonu oldukça yüksektir (Watson & Friend 1969, r=.96).”

“Fear of negative evaluation of people with high motivation to abstain from receiving approval or consent is high (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“IQ = intelligence quotient; FNE = Fear of Negative Evaluation; SCARED = Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders. aAverage of juvenile and parent SCARED evaluations.”

“Fear of negative evaluation scale The FNE includes 30 items and assesses apprehension about others’ evaluations, distress over their negative evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and the expectation that others evaluate themselves negatively.[27] The internal consistency of this scale was obtained 0.”

“Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) (Watson & Friend, 1969): Used to assess participants’ sensitivity to perceived social scrutiny.”

“Fear of negative evaluation refers to the individual fear of bad evaluations from others outside and the pain they feel towards these evaluations 26 .”

“…private self-awareness (attending to inner states) and decreasing one’s fear of negative evaluation (apprehension about others’ evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and fear that others are evaluating us negatively (Schouten, Valkenburg, and Peter 2009; Watson and Friend 1969).”

“Participants were measured with the Beck-Depression-Inventory 67 , the Rosenberg self-esteem scale 68 , the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale 69,70 , the Anxiety Sensitivity Scale 71 , and the Social Phobia Scale 72 , which were assessed as part of a bigger research project.”

“Derived from the larger 30-item measure (Watson & Friend, 1969 ), the brief self-report scale consists of an overall 12 items that were chosen from the original measure based on the highest correlation with the scale total.”

“Subsequently, Watson and Friend (1969) defined social-evaluative anxiety as the core component of social anxiety within face-to-face interactions.”

“Hence, future research should consider investigating these trends within a social anxiety context, perhaps through utilizing screening tools speci fi cally adapted for detecting social anxiety (i.e., the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale) [65].”

“Instrumen ini merujuk pada teori Watson & Friend (1969) dan meliputi berbagai aspek atau indikator, termasuk kekhawatiran individu terhadap penilaian orang lain akan dirinya, tingkat stres yang muncul akibat penilaian negatif dari orang lain, kecenderungan individu untuk menghindari situasi yang…”

“…issue of social communication that manifests as apprehension about others’ evaluations, distress over their negative evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and the anticipation that others would evaluate oneself negatively (Watson and Friend, 1969; Collins et al., 2005; Ng et al., 2014).”

“Such evaluations should have helped contain the threat perception and reduce relevant apprehension characteristic of the fears (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Materials Measurement of real-time fear of negative evaluation In this study, we planned to measure participants’ feelings of negative evaluation concerns with the classical fear of negative evaluation (FNE) scale [24, 25].”

“Baseline 8 w 16 w 24 w Case 1 WAI-SF 81 83 80 CSQ-8 30 31 LSAS 93 93 61 89 FNE 26 7 11 14 Case 2 WAI-SF 76 74 81 CSQ-8 25 24 LSAS 126 115 95 94 FNE 28 29 28 27 Case 3 WAI-SF 77 81 79 CSQ-8 29 30 LSAS 53 48 40 34 FNE 24 22 15 16 Case 4 WAI-SF 83 83 CSQ-8 25 LSAS 52 71 FNE 6 12 WAI-SF, working alliance inventory-short f…”

“For example, people who fear negative evaluation (Watson & Friend, 1969) worry about others’ disapproval, and as such, work harder and focus more on fitting in and being liked than people who worry less (Griskevicius et al., 2006; Leary & Allen, 2010; Nezlek & Leary, 2002).”

“Yanbin Niu et al. Lopez, 1998; Watson & Friend, 1969), it is reasonable to assume that no single neurocognitive measure would relate to all social anxiety symptoms equally (or at least not reliably across study samples); results of the current study are in line with this notion.”

“The Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire was compiled by Watson and Friend (1969) and revised by Leary (1983).”

“Fear of Negative Evaluation was defined as “apprehension about others' evaluations, distress over their negative evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and the expectation that others would evaluate oneself negatively” (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“The scale adopted a “yes–no” scoring basis (Watson, D.; Friend, 1969; Turner, McCanna, & Beidel, 1987 ) .”

“Watson and Friend (1969) reported internal reliability estimates that ranged from a¼ .94 to .98.”

“It consists of worries about others evaluations, distress and expectation of negative evaluations [14], negative evaluation is closely related to social anxiety especially in the social situation in which the anxious person is afraid of being evaluated unfavorably [15].”

“…high internal consistency reliability (α = .95) of the sample data, and satisfactory evidence of convergent validity with Fear and Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969), r = .60, p < .0001 and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD; Watson & Friend, 1969), r = .58, p < .0001.”

“There are a number of scales that assess fear of negative evaluation including the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE) (5) and the Brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (6), the Brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-Straightforward Items-BFNE-S (7), and the brief version of the Fe…”

“Several existing measures examining social avoidance, such as the LSAS (Liebowitz, 1987) and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS; Watson & Friend, 1969) include measures of social avoidance to determine severity of social anxiety.”

“1986) and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (Watson and Friend 1969), to clarify the role that social anxiety dimensions have on drinking behavior.”

“Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) refers to concern with and fear of unfavorable social judgments (i.e., being rejected; Leary, 1983), tapping into social anxiety (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2016;55(4):450-457”

“Anxiety symptoms were measured by the modified Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and a modified Social Behavior Scale [60,61].”

“Social anxiety was initially defined as consisting of evaluation anxiety, avoidance, and distress, representing individuals’ fear of negative evaluations from others and their avoidance of social behavior in real social situations, respectively (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“The SADS assesses two aspects of social anxiety: the tendency to avoid social situations and the experience of negative feelings such as anxiety or discomfort when interacting with others (50).”

“FNE describes a personality trait manifesting in social situations, characterized by fear of others’ evaluations, expectations that others will evaluate oneself negatively, as well as an associated distress (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Following the conversation tasks, participants completed two questionnaires: the empathy quotient (EQ; Baron-Cohen & Wheelwright, 2004; Groen et al., 2015) and the brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Similarly, other studies, such as those of Watson and Friend (17), reported excellent internal consistency and good reliability (17).”

“The measurement of Social Avoidance and Distress utilized the Scale developed by Watson and Friend [39].”

“The BFNE has excellent convergent validity with the original Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“…vulnerable narcissistic traits find interpersonal rejec - tion threatening (e.g., possible relationship infidelity) and anticipate/experience negative emotions corresponding to their hypersensitivity to their evaluation by others (Arble, 2008; Hendin & Cheek, 1997; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“The Short Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale The Japanese short Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (SFNE) (Sasagawa et al., 2004): Watson and Friend (1969) designed the original Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, which consists of 30 true–false items.”

“Third factor (Fear of Negative Evaluation) Fear of Negative Evaluation. is the third factor highlighted by Horwitz et al. (1986) Watson & Friend (1969 p.448) explains it as “the apprehension of other’s evaluations, distress over their negative evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and…”

“The aspects of social avoidance, including avoidance, discomfort, and fear, were evaluated using the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS).(26,27) The SADS is a 28-item questionnaire with each item rated on a 5point scale from 1 to 5.”

“The intensity of FNE was assessed with the German version of the self-report questionnaire ‘Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale’ (FNES; Watson & Friend, 1969; German version: Vormbrock & Neuser, 1983).”

“(a) Social Avoidance Scale The Social Avoidance Scale, comprising 6 items, was adapted from the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (Watson & Friend, 1969).”