Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.

“Fear of negative evaluation is the state of being concerned about others' evaluations, being afraid of their negative evaluations, and thinking that they will give others negative information about themselves (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Lancaster et al.’s rationale was that results of psychometric studies of other anxiety scales (i.e., Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Silverman et al., 1991; Beck Anxiety Inventory: Beck & Steer, 1990; Fear of Negative Evaluation: Watson & Friend, 1969; Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children: March et al., 1997; Social…”

“Generally, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) can be understood as a type of social anxiety or apprehension about being negatively judged by others and avoidance of situations in which these negative evaluations may occur (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“The original scale, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE) developed by Watson and Friend (1969), has been widely used for clinical and research purposes and consists of 30 true/false statements.”

“According to Watson and Friend (1969), and Horwitz et al. (1986), fear of negative evaluation can be defined as “apprehension about others’ evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and the expectation that others would evaluate one’s self negatively” (p.128).”

“The SAD (Watson & Friend, 1969) is a 29-item scale assessing aversion to social interaction (α = 0.94).”

“Recently, one study provided preliminary evidence that fear of negative evaluation (FNE; i.e., fear of disapproval or of saying/ doing the wrong thing; Watson & Friend, 1969) may contribute to ERS.”

“The SADS (Watson and Friend, 1969) is a self-report scale that measures social anxiety and distress in various social situations and the degree of avoidance of potentially distressing social situations.”

“The fear of negative evaluation was first defined by Watson and Friend (1969) as the anxiety about the evaluations of others, being worried about the negative evaluations, and expecting that others will evaluate one in a negative way (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“SFNE: Short Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale; SPS: Social Phobia Scale; SIAS: Social Interaction Anxiety Scale; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; SBSA: Self-Beliefs Related to Social Anxiety Scale.”

“Seven-hundred-twenty-one undergraduate students of the Chung-Ang University were screened using the Korean version of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS; Watson and Friend, 1969) and the Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation 2 (BFNE2; Carleton et al., 2006).”

“Social anxiety was measured with following five items (Watson & Friend, 1969): 1) I feel relaxed even in unfamiliar social situations, 2) I often find social occasions upsetting, 3) I am usually nervous with people unless I know them well, 4) being introduced to people makes me tense and nervous,…”

“이 척도는 타인으로부터 부정적으로 평가받을 것에 대한 기대를 측정하기 위한 것으로 Watson, Friend (1969)[9]가 30문항으로 개발하였던 것을 Leary(1983) [29]가 전체 척도점수와 .”

“The J-FNE consists of 30 items as the original version (Watson & Friend, 1969) using true/false responses.”

“…of conceptual models of social anxiety (Bernstein et al., 2010; Hirsch & Clark, 2004; Kemper, Lutz, Bähr, Rüddel, & Hock, 2012; Leary, 1983a; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997; Tanay, Lotan, & Bernstein, 2012; Taylor et al., 2007; Watson & Friend, 1969; Wheaton, Deacon, McGrath, Berman, & Abramowitz, 2012).”

“FNE is a broad measure of social-evaluative anxiety that may include apprehension or distress about being negatively evaluated by others, avoiding evaluative situations, and having expectations that others would evaluate oneself negatively (Collins et al., 2005; Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“Social avoidance and distress : Measured using the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale developed by Watson and Friend (1969) [75].”

“To dissect the complex issue, three types of foreign language anxieties are specifically identified in Horwitz et al.’s seminal article [1], including anxiety of communication apprehension [17], fear of poor evaluation [18], and anxiety about tests and exams [19].”

“The Social Avoidance and Discomfort Scale is composed of 28 items, of which both the subjective discomfort produced by situations of social interactions and the avoidance or desire to avoid them are evaluated [47,48].”

“Social Avoidance and Distress To assess social avoidance and social distress, participants completed the Farsi version [53] of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) [54].”

“EFL anxiety refers to three specific areas of language learning, namely, fear of communication (McCroskey, 1970), fear of negative assessment (Watson & Friend, 1969) and test anxiety (Sarason, 1978).”

“Watson & Friend (1969) define fear of negative evaluation as ‘apprehension about others’ evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations, and expectation that others would evaluate oneself negatively’ (as cited in Horwitz, Horwitz& Cope, 1991:31).”

“…behavior in social phobia (Horley, Williams, Gonsalvez, & Gordon, 2004), participants with extreme values in social anxiety as indicated by a score outside a 99% norm on the German version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Vormbrock & Neuser, 1983; Watson & Friend, 1969) were excluded.”

“The Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969) consists of 30 items that assess concern over negative social evaluation.”

“20 others across all types of SAD (Watson and Friend, 1969) and one of the core symptoms of the disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), it may possess high sensitivity with respect to resting functional alteration.”

“…al. 2014); and one TD participant had an extreme score of 27 ([2 SD from the sample mean of 9.86) on the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS; Watson and Friend 1969), a self-report measure of social phobia scored from 0 to 28 that is commonly used as an exclusion criterion on FnC tasks…”

“These included the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (Turner, Beidel, & Dancu, 1996), Fear of Negative Evalua- tion (Watson & Friend, 1969), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (Spielberger, 1983) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) (Table I).”

“The Social Avoidance and Social Distress Scale (SADS) is an instrument that is widely used to measure social anxiety, developed by Watson and Friend (38).”

“Part D of the CSO-Q consists of the FNE scale, a standardized and validated tool to measure anxiety associated with perceived negative evaluation [8].”

“Social anxiety is the tendency to feel anxious or fearful about being negatively evaluated by others (Schlenker & Leary, 1982; Turner et al., 1987 ), and research has identified individual differences in social anxiety tendencies (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“People with high levels of FNE are highly concerned with seeking social approval or avoiding disapproval by others (Watson & Friend, 1969) while TRs tend to be authentic and stick with their values and beliefs even if they are not in line with others (Meyerson, 2008).”

“FNE involves feelings of apprehension about others’ evaluations, distress over those negative evaluations, and expectations that others will evaluate one negatively (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Social Anxiety The Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD; Watson & Friend, 1969) consists of the subscales avoidance (e.g., “I often want to get away from people”) and distress (e.g., “I am seldom at ease in a large group of people”).”

“…a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the factor structure previously identified in past research (e.g., García-López et al., 2011) and to test the theory proposed by Watson and Friend (1969) that social anxiety consists of the fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance and stress.”

“Individuals who experience fear of negative evaluation work hard to either avoid disapproval or, alternatively, to gain approval (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“For the purpose of making the study comparable with previous research (Harvey et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2002; Nilsson et al., 2011), a selection procedure using Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969) as a screening instrument was adopted.”

“Watson and Friend (1969) developed the FNE concurrently with the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD) to assess individuals’ experience of distress and discomfort in interpersonal interactions.”

“The conceptual framework of fear of negative evaluation (FNE), originally introduced by Watson and Friend [65], highlights individuals’ heightened concern about being judged unfavorably during interpersonal encounters—a key indicator of social anxiety.”

“Kedua, ketakutan akan evaluasi negatif didefinisikan sebagai “kekhawatiran akan evaluasi orang lain, kesusahan akan evaluasi negatif mereka, dan harapan bahwa orang lain akan mengevaluasi diri sendiri secara negatif” (Watson et. al, 1969 : 448–457).”

“It was developed by Watson and Friend 30 in 1969 and translated into Mandarin Chinese by Wang et al. The scale consists of 14 items scored in a “ yes or no ” format, where answering “ yes ” scores 0 points and “ no ” scores 1 point.”

“…oriented (i.e., consider their self-interests first (Anderson, Hildreth, and Howland 2015)) may experience “fear of negative evaluation” (Watson and Friend 1969), worrying, for example, that an appeal of their ruling would reduce their chances for promotion (George and Yoon 2003),…”

“The comments further clarify Watson and Friend's (1969) definition of dread of a negative response as a concern about judging others, avoiding evaluation circumstances, and expecting others to negatively evaluate themselves.”

“Self-report measures included the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluations-II scale (BFNE-II; (40)), the Social Anxiety and Distress Scale (SADS; (41)), the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (42), and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS, (43)).”

“Horwitz et al. (1986) used an earlier definition of FNE as “apprehension about others’ evaluations, avoidance of eval - uative situations, and the expectation that others would evaluate oneself negatively” (Watson & Friend, 1969, p. 449).”

“Both the fear of negative evaluation and that of positive evaluation are claimed as strong predictors of SAD [13, 40], and the present results are consistent with those contentions.”

“The Chinese version of social avoidance and distress scale The scale was developed by Watson and Friend (46) and introduced in China in 1999 by Wang et al.”

“A research study conducted in India among MBBS students revealed that medical students undergo high stress before the examination [15].”

“, avoidance of social encounters) that can occur when a person faces a social situation (Watson and Friend, 1969; Leitenberg, 1990).”

“Valenti-Hein et al. [53] assessed knowledge of dating (Stacking the Deck procedure, STD) [68], social anxiety (Social Avoidance and Distress scale, SAD) [69], frequency of opposite-sex interactions and social competence and attractiveness within role plays.”

“The Japanese version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQJ; Hishitani, 2005; Marks, 1973) and Japanese version of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE-J; Leary, 1983; Sasagawa et al., 2004) were also completed at Time 1.”

“others would evaluate oneself negatively” [12].”

“It is defined as “apprehension about others’ evaluations, distress over their negative evaluations, avoidance of evaluative situations and the expectations that others would evaluate one-self negatively” (Carleton el al., 2011; Watson & Friend, 1969).”