Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.

“We asked participants to complete the French versions of the PRCS, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), 37 the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE), 38 as well as the STAI-Trait, 39 and the BDI-II, 40 which assess the level of anxious and depressive symptoms, respectively.”

“…FNE, which can be defined as people’s anxiety about the probability of others judging and evaluating them unfavourably and negatively; a high level of FNE causes people to avoid situations where they may face the possibility of negative assessment by others (Leary, 1983; Watson, & Friend, 1969).”

“● Social Interaction Anxiety Scale ● Social Phobia Scale ● Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Watson & Friend, 1969) ● Inventory of Anxiousness (Endler et al., 1962) modified version ● 78% 30 Pachankis et al. (2008); USA.”

“Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) in general can be understood as social anxiety or apprehension over being negatively judged by others and avoidance of situations in which these negative evaluations may occur (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“The Brief FNE questionnaire is a shortened version of the original FNE questionnaire (Watson & Friend, 1969) and consists of 12 items (11 items that are verbatim from the original FNE questionnaire).”

“Inclusion criteria were: (1) a score of 22 or above on the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE; Watson and Friend 1969); (2) a score of 13 or below on positive selfstatements and of 12 or above on negative self-statements on the Self-Statements during Public Speaking Scale (SSPS; Hofmann and…”

“Individuals with social anxiety fear negative judgments and always try to avoid being around others (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“They were developed by Watson and Friend (1969) to assess social anxiety and associated concerns related to social-evaluative threats.”

“The BFNE serves as an abridged version of the full FNE (Watson and Friend 1969), consisting of twelve items that”

“FNE was developed to measure apprehension about negative evaluation (Watson and Friend, 1969), and we used cutoffs of 48 on a 12-item of its brief version to exclude social anxiety trait in healthy controls.”

“Fear of negative evaluation is the worry related to one’s own assessment within the social context by others (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“Cognitive symptoms of SAD were assessed using the Post-Event Rumination Scale (PERS) (47, 48), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) (35, 45) scale, and Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) (49, 50).”

“FNE is defined as the sense of dread associated with being unfavorably evaluated in a social situation (Watson and Friend, 1969; Weeks et al. , 2005) and can occur in both academic and nonacademic settings (Weeks et al. , 2005; Weeks and Howell, 2012).”

“Third, employees who have experienced degradation to their reputation in front of their colleagues can expect to act with silence behavior and reduce creative performance by not voluntarily participating in their jobs [27,63,64].”

“The fear of negative evaluation refers to a fear of being judged negatively by others, reacting poorly when receiving negative evaluations, and assuming others judge oneself negatively (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Also, individuals with high fear of negative evaluation have tendency to become nervous in evaluative situations, and try hard to avoid others’ disapproval (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Information was obtained about the relationship between the conversational partners and their conversation quality, and the Empathy Quotient [30], the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale [31], and a question assessing explicit awareness of the experimental”

“, 2006) is a shorter version of the FNE questionnaire (Watson and Friend, 1969) that measures an individual’s tolerance for the possibility they may be judged despairingly or with hostility by others.”

“The Chinese version of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD) (Watson and Friend, 1969) was administered to test adolescents’ intention of social withdrawal.”

“…originate from research on social anxiety, personality disorders, attachment and schema theory, suicidality, intimate relationships, or trans-diagnostically relevant constructs such as rejection sensitivity, trust, paranoid thinking, fear of negative evaluation or self-efficacy 86,170,218–225 .”

“FNE refers to “apprehension about others’ evaluations, distress over their negative evaluations; avoidance of evaluative situations; and the expectation that others would evaluate one negatively” (Watson & Friend, 1969, p. 449).”

“Literature on social anxiety among typically developing youth suggests that social anxiety is a multidimensional construct, with factors that differentiate between social interaction and performance anxiety (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“A speaker who experiences such listening should be free from evaluation apprehension because such concerns are associated with a need to obtain approval and avoid disapproval (Friend & Gilbert, 1973; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“…| Psychology for Clinical Settings February 2015 | Volume 6 | Article 88 | 2 items from Anglo-Saxon questionnaires investigating personality traits (Watson and Friend, 1969; Gambrill and Richey, 1975; Lange and Jakubowski, 1976; Bakker et al., 1978; Raskin and Hall, 1979; Emmons, 1981, 1987;…”

“The measure uses a true-false scale with good internal consistency (α = .94) and test-retest reliability (r = .78) (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“This measure uses a true-false scale and has shown good internal consistency (α = 0.94) and test– retest reliability (r = 0.78) (Watson and Friend, 1969).”

“As the BFNE scores in the present study ranged from 18 to 57 points (median = 40), with the mean score being 39.65 points (SD = 11.03), participants in the present study showed a wide range of social anxiety.”

“The questionnaire has demonstrated good internal consistency ( a ¼ .94) and test-retest reliability ( r ¼ .68-.79; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“Social anxiety was also assessed using the Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale (SPWSS; Clark et al., 2003; Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma, 2019), Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN; Connor et al., 2000), Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE; Watson and Friend, 1969), Social Phobia Scale (SPS; Mattick and C…”

“(p.449),6 FNE is one of the hallmarks and best predictors of social anxiety 5,7 , and has been consistently associated with decreased self-esteem 8,9 , loneliness 10 , and social isolation.”

“For example, larger correlations were expected between the measures of social anxiety and avoidance on the basis of previously reported research (Watson & Friend, 1969) and because of the strong empirical and theoretical connections between anxiety and avoidance, but more modest correlations were…”

“The finding that FNE had the largest effect size is consistent with the literature historically (e.g., Gilbert, 2001; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997; Watson & Friend, 1969) and also with the conceptualisation of SAD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5)…”

“In line with our first hypothesis, trait paranoia was associated with higher levels of self-reported fear, negative evaluation, interpersonal sensitivity, SAD, mood, and with demographic characteristics.”

“The following self‐report questionnaires were administered at pretreatment and post‐treatment: The Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969) is a 30‐item measure of apprehension and anxiety over anticipated social evaluations.”

“This psychological index is a short version of the 30-item index originally developed by Watson and Friend (1969) and often used in personality and social psychology to measure anxiety associated with the possibility of being evaluated or judged negatively by in the restricted sample, but we may be…”

“…(34 articles of 45 that focused on emotions) that focused on negative emotions such as anxiety (8 articles using STAI [179] to measure this) and other negative emotions such as fear (measured via the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [180]) and shame (measured via Experimental Shame Scale [181]).”

“, 2018a), defined as the sense of dread students experience when they perceive they are being evaluated by others in a social situation (Watson and Friend, 1969; Weeks et al., 2005).”

“Individuals with fear of positive evaluation are afraid of accepting others’ excessive praise and expectations (Watson and Friend, 1969; Weeks, 2014), producing social avoidance psychology and may choose to reduce the frequency and duration of their SNS disclosures to avoid some praise.”

“…The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE; Leary, 1983) is a 12-item, condensed version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Watson & Friend, 1969) that is highly correlated with the fulllength version (r = .96) and has demonstrated an internal consistency of α = .90 (Leary, 1983).”

“All participants completed three self-report measures: the Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), and the Interpretation and Judgmental Questionnaire (IJQ; Voncken et al.,…”

“Lastly, fear of negative evaluation involves anxiety about being judged by others, distress over receiving negative feedback, and the anticipation of unfavorable evaluations from others (Li et al., 2023; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“(b) The Chinese version of the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (C-SADS) C-SADS was developed by Watson and Friend [7], translated into Mandarin Chinese by Wang et al.”

“The Social Avoidance and Distress Scale was used to assess people’s anxiety during the last week [34].”

“…and closeness (Berndt, 2002; Ledbetter et al., 2011), avoidance behaviors of more anxious youth may create social barriers that interfere with the successful development of social ties and close friendships in face-to-face settings (La Greca & Lopez, 1998; Wang et al., 2014; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“…for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Social Anxiety subscale (Birmaher et al., 1997), the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Watson and Friend, 1969), and the Social Anxiety Scale (La Greca and Lopez, 1998) were tested as three observed variables reflecting one common latent variable:…”

“Further, scores on measures of anxiety and avoidance in social situations (Mattick & Clarke, 1998; Stein et al., 2000; Watson & Friend, 1969) tend to be distributed normally.”

“The FNE has been found to correlate very highly (.96) with the original 30-item fear of negative evaluation scale developed by Watson & Friend (1969) and it demonstrated both high internal consistency (.91) and the 4-week test–retest reliability co-efficient was .75 (Leary 1983).”

“Furthermore, and as discussed by Penney and Abbott (2014a), the student participants were divided into high and low social anxiety groups by using the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969) or its abbreviated version, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE; Leary, 1983).”

“…to measure social anxiety, including the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS; Mattick & Clarke, 1998), the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner Beidel, Dancu & Stanley, 1989) and the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“People with social anxiety may suffer from subjective experiences (e.g., pain, discomfort, fear and anxiety) and social avoidance behaviors in social situations due to the fear of negative evaluation [19].”

“Five items adapted from Watson and Friend (1969) were used to assess the degree to which participants experienced a fear of negative evaluation during the debate.”

“94; [39]), which is also was in the current study (α = .”

“The Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE) [35] was used to measure a person’s apprehension about negative evaluation.”

“…2008), dysfunctional attitudes (Beck, 1987; Scher, Ingram, & Segal, 2005), ruminative style (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008), anxiety sensitivity (McNally, 1994), intolerance of uncertainty (Dugas, Buhr, & Ladouceur, 2004), and fear of negative evaluation (Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“3-Month follow-up, mean (SD)Posttreatment, mean (SD)Pretreatment, mean (SD)Measure 17.8 (17.2)22.0 (21.0)75.8 (30.4)LSASa 14.0 (8.9)14.0 (8.1)31.7 (11.0)SPWSSb 18.7 (16.9)20.0 (12.2)43.3 (16.5)SPINc 18.7 (9.8)19.3 (8.5)25.2 (3.0)FNEd 9.7 (9.4)12.7 (7.4)32.7 (20.4)SPSe 27.3 (12.2)28.7 (10.1)53.3 (16.2)SIASf 1.5 (0.8)1.…”

“In an early measure of FNE developed by Watson and Friend (1969), the authors hypothesised that the degree of FNE experienced by an individual may be either related to the degree of prior social disapproval experienced, or a combination of prior social disapproval and a desire for greater social…”

“The communal motive to be socially desirable in one’s responses is often accompanied by fear of negative evaluations by others (Watson & Friend, 1969), and this fear of social rejection (Börger, 2013) drives people to avoid expressing their dissent, especially when interacting with those in…”

“…(30, 31), emotion regulation (32, 33), growth mindset (34), self-compassion (35, 36), meaning in life (37), fear of negative evaluation (38, 39), self-criticism (40), basic psychological needs frustration (41), impulsivity (30, 42), experiential avoidance (43, 44), intolerance of…”

“Hence, IAS considers only the affective component of social discomfort (Leary and Kowalski 1993), differently from other instruments which in turn focus on cognitive aspects of the phenomenon, such as the “Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale” (Watson and Friend 1969) and the “Social Interaction Self-statement Test” (Gla…”

“Social avoidance refers to an individual’s desire for and behavior to avoid social situations such as interacting with or talking to others for any reason (Watson & Friend, 1969), and is a behavioral manifestation of social anxiety and social phobia (Spence & Rapee, 2016; Watson & Friend, 1969).”

“The Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS; Watson & Friend, 1969) is a self-report inventory with 28-item that includes 14 items to assess social avoidance (e.g., I often want to get away from people) and 14 items to assess social anxiety (e.g., I often feel on edge when I am with a group of…”