Relating neighborhood deprivation to childhood obesity in the ABCD study: Evidence for theories of neuroinflammation and neuronal stress.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether relationships between area deprivation (ADI), body mass index (BMI) and brain structure (e.g., cortical thickness, subcortical volume) during preadolescence supported the immunologic model of self-regulation failure (NI) and/or neuronal stress (NS) theories of overeating. The NI theory proposes that ADI causes structural alteration in the brain due to the neuroinflammatory effects of overeating unhealthy foods. The NS theory proposes that ADI-related stress negatively impacts brain structure, which causes stress-related overeating and subsequent obesity. METHOD: = 3,087, 51% male). Linear mixed-effects models identified brain regions that were associated with both ADI and BMI; longitudinal associations were evaluated with mediation models. The NI model included ADI and BMI at 9 to 10 years old and brain data at 11 to 12 years old. The NS model included ADI and brain data at 9 to 10 years old and BMI at 11 to 12 years old. RESULTS: BMI at 9 to 10 years old partially mediated the relationship between ADI and ventral diencephalon (DC) volume at 11 to 12 years old. Additionally, the ventral DC at 9 to 10 years old partially mediated the relationship between ADI and BMI at 11 to 12 years old, even in youth who at baseline, were of a healthy weight. Results were unchanged when controlling for differences in brain structure and weight across the 2-years. CONCLUSION: Greater area deprivation may indicate fewer access to resources that support healthy development, like nutritious food and nonstressful environments. Our findings provide evidence in support of the NI and NS theories of overeating, specifically, with greater ADI influencing health outcomes of obesity via brain structure alterations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Greater neighborhood deprivation has been associated with adolescents' higher BMI 1 year later in studies using data from predominantly White samples.
“Greater neighborhood deprivation has also been associated with adolescents' higher BMI 1 year later in studies using data from predominantly White samples [25,26].”
From Intersections of Structural State-Level Racism and Neighborhood Deprivation on Nutrition and Obesity for Black Adolescents (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
The Results report that the sample was 69.6% White and that greater area deprivation was positively associated with BMI at the two-year follow-up. The paper does not report this association at the claimed one-year follow-up. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Adise, S., Marshall, A. T., Kan, E., Gonzalez, M. R., & Sowell, E. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 868-877
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- PMC
- PMC10239784
- OpenAlex
- W4310707199
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1503209)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, and U24DA041147)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01DA041106, U01DA051037, U01DA041120, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U01DA050987, U01DA050989, U01DA050988, U01DA041048, U24DA041147, U01DA041148, U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA051039, U01DA041134, U01DA041025, U24DA041123, U01DA051038, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U01DA051016, U01DA041117, U01DA051018)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50NS022343)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES031074)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- neighborhood disadvantage, childhood obesity, Area Deprivation Index, neuroinflammation, neuronal stress, overeating, brain structure, ventral diencephalon, cortical thickness, subcortical volume, body mass index, late childhood, mediation, self-regulation failure
- MeSH terms
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Adolescent, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Male, Body Mass Index, Pediatric Obesity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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