The Online Social Support Scale: Measure development and validation.
Open accessAbstract
A new measure, the Online Social Support Scale, was developed based on previous theory, research, and measurement of in-person social support. It includes four subscales: Esteem/Emotional Support, Social Companionship, Informational Support, and Instrumental Support. In college and community samples, factor analytic and item response theory results suggest that subtypes of in-person social support also pertain in the online world. Evidence of reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity provide excellent psychometric support for the measure. Construct validity accrues to the measure vis-à-vis support for three hypotheses: (a) Various broad types of Internet platforms for social interactions are differentially associated with online social support and online victimization; (b) similar to in-person social support, online social support offsets the adverse effect of negative life events on self-esteem and depression-related outcome; and (c) online social support counteracts the effects of online victimization in much the same way that in-person friends in one social niche counterbalance rejection in other social niches. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Online social support can enhance the well-being and overall health of individuals, both physically and mentally.
“Online social support represents the extension of social support that is traditionally available in the physical world to the virtual realm of cyberspace and can enhance the well-being and overall health of individuals, both physically and mentally.”
From How social media usage affects psychological and subjective well-being: testing a moderated mediation model (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Nick, E. A., Cole, D. A., Cho, S.-J., Smith, D. K., Carter, T. G., & Zelkowitz, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1127-1143
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- PMC
- PMC6107390
- OpenAlex
- W2804419925
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 8.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH018921)
- American Psychological Foundation
- American Psychological Association of Graduate Students
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- online social support, scale development, psychometric validation, cyber victimization, self-esteem, depression, negative life events, social rejection, social niche, information support, instrumental support, emotional support
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Psychometrics, Self Concept, Social Support, Reproducibility of Results, Internet, Young Adult, Social Media
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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