EEG asymmetry in borderline personality disorder and depression following rejection.
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) share numerous features, including dysphoric affect, irritability, suicidality, and a heightened sensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection. However, these disorders are associated with divergent profiles of reactivity to rejection: Individuals with MDD are more likely to respond with withdrawal and isolation, and those with BPD appear to respond with increased approach behaviors and greater hostility. Potential mechanisms underlying these divergent patterns of response have not been elaborated. The goal of the present study was to assess whether prefrontal cortical asymmetry is associated with these behavioral profiles. EEG alpha activity was recorded at baseline and after individuals with BPD, MDD and healthy controls (HCs) participated in a rejection task. Although no differences were found at baseline, results demonstrated that following rejection, individuals with BPD showed greater left cortical activation, consistent with approach motivation, whereas those with MDD showed greater right cortical activation, consistent with withdrawal motivation. HCs evidenced a more balanced cortical profile, as hypothesized. Although BPD and MDD are highly comorbid, are easily confused, and are phenomenologically similar in a number of ways, individuals with these two disorders respond in very different ways to perceived rejection.
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The finding of higher rejection sensitivity in Borderline Personality Disorder versus mood disorder was not replicated in one other study, although the sample of people with major depressive disorder was small.
“This finding was not replicated in one other study (Beeney, Levy, Gatzke-Kopp, & Hallquist, 2014), although the sample of people with MDD was small.”
From The link between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as Beeney, Levy, Gatzke-Kopp, & Hallquist, 2014
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Huber, K. B., & Marsolek, C. J. (2021) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/1357650x.2021.1942483 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of Self‐Concept on Restoring a Positive Motivational State After an Exam‐Like Situation
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Greater resting frontal alpha asymmetry associated with higher emotional expressive flexibility
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Neuroimaging Studies of Effects of Psychotherapy in Depression
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Theory and Research on Asymmetric Frontal Cortical Activity as Assessed by EEG Frequency Analyses
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Affective processing in dysphoria: Evidence from startle probe modulation of ERPs
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FUNCTIONAL NEUROMARKERS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE (PD)
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- Authors
- Beeney, J. E., Levy, K. N., Gatzke-Kopp, L. M., & Hallquist, M. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 178-185
- ISSN
- 1949-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-2723
- PMC
- PMC4137775
- OpenAlex
- W2315991346
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Pennsylvania State University
- International Psychoanalytic Association
- American Psychoanalytic Association
- National Institutes of Health (R36 MH086285)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder, perceived rejection, EEG alpha activity, approach motivation, comorbidities, interpersonal sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rejection, Psychology, Case-Control Studies, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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