Mindfulness as a coping strategy for bias-based school victimization among Latina/o sexual minority youth.

Toomey, Russell B.; Anhalt, Karla

doi:10.1037/sgd0000192

Cited by 56LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyBullying, Victimization, and AggressionMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

Mindfulness as a coping strategy for bias-based school victimization among Latina/o sexual minority youth.

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Toomey, Russell B., Anhalt, Karla·2016·Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

DOI 10.1037/sgd0000192PMC PMC5178973

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Abstract

This study examined whether mindfulness strategies (e.g., acting non-judgmentally with awareness and attention to present events) were effective in mitigating the associations among school-based victimization related to ethnicity and sexual orientation, well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-esteem), and grade-point average (GPA). The U.S.-based sample included 236 Latina/o sexual minority students, ranging in age from 14 to 24 years (47% were enrolled in secondary schools, 53% in postsecondary schools). Results from structural equation modeling revealed that ethnicity-based school victimization was negatively associated with GPA but not well-being. However, sexual orientation-based victimization was not associated with well-being or GPA. Mindfulness was positively associated with well-being but not GPA. High levels of mindfulness coping were protective when the stressor was sexual orientation-based victimization but not ethnicity-based school victimization. These findings contribute to a growing literature documenting the unique school barriers experienced by Latina/o sexual minority youth and highlight the promising utility of mindfulness-based intervention strategies for coping with minority stress.

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Cross-sectional research with sexual minority populations has identified mindfulness and self-compassion as protective factors against psychological distress.
“Cross-sectional research with sexual minority populations has also identified mindfulness and self-compassion as relevant protective factors against psychological distress (Lyons, 2016; Toomey & Anhalt, 2016; Toplu-Demirtaş et al., 2018).”
From Mindfulness for Reducing Minority Stress and Promoting Health Among Sexual Minority Men: Uncovering Intervention Principles and Techniques (2022) · cites this paper as Toomey & Anhalt, 2016
The Results and Discussion report that mindfulness buffered the association between sexual-orientation-based school victimization and depressive symptoms among Latina/o sexual minority youth. The Discussion explicitly says self-compassion was not tested in this study, so this source does not establish it as a protective factor. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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“However, latent variable tests of redundancy revealed that the constructs are statistically different from each other (Toomey & Anhalt, 2016; results available upon request from the authors).”
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“A single study (Toomey & Anhalt, 2016) sampled participants in both secondary and postsecondary education (47%/53%, resp.) and the study was coded as such.”
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“For example, in terms of coping with victimization, participants described using mindfulness and emotional regulation strategies; cognitive reappraisals; assertive communication techniques; and questioning and resisting rigid culturally bound labels [57,71,76].”
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“First, Toomey and Anhalt (2016) examined the relationships among mindfulness, well-being, and school victimization specific to one’s ethnicity and sexual orientation among LGBTQ Latina/o students.”
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“Among Latino/a sexual minority youth (Toomey & Anhalt, 2016) and older gay men (Lyons, 2016) high dispositional mindfulness buffered the association between discrimination and negative psychosocial health outcomes.”
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The Role of Resilience in Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health
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“Each of these components is known to be effective in reducing stress and promoting well-being among populations that experience high rates of discrimination (eg, SGMs) [12-14].”
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“Existing studies tend to involve smaller sample sizes, 28,40-43 enroll more women than men, and/or recruit from University settings, 22,28,31,33,41 limiting their generalizability.”
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“…and related victimization constructs (e.g., bullying, peer, sexual victimization), with certain studies supporting mindfulness’ protective role (Georgiou et al., 2021; Lavell et al., 2018; Toomey & Anhalt, 2016; Zhou et al., 2017) and other studies not replicating the finding (Clear et al., 2020).”
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Socialization
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Dispositional mindfulness mediates the relationship between internalized homonegativity and depressive symptoms in lesbians and gay men
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“…2015; tomlinson et al., 2018)—has been associated with lower psychological distress (lyons et al., 2017), depressive symptoms (hidalgo et al., 2020; toomey & anhalt, 2016), anxiety, and suicidal ideation (hidalgo et al., 2020), as well as higher psychological well-being (lau et al., 2020) in…”
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Different stigmas, different patterns: unfair treatment maps onto bullying involvement through internalizing and externalizing problems
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“Race-based unfair treatment was more closely associated with outwardly directed diﬃculties, whereas sexual orientation or gender identity-based unfair treatment showed a stronger association with internalizing problems and bullying victimization (Oshri et al., 2024; Toomey and Anhalt, 2016).”
Adolescent Experiences With Multiple Forms of Biased Victimization: A Typology of Bias Types in a Sample of Victims
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Faust, E. (2013) · ScholarWorks (Central Washington University)
Mindfulness and Avoidant Coping: Examining the Behavioral Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among LGB+ College Students
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Mindfulness and Avoidant Coping: Examining the Behavioral Correlates of Suicidal Ideation among Sexual Minority College Students
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Mental Health Problems and Bullying Victimization Among Sexual Minority Adolescents in Greek Secondary Schools
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Sexual Orientation-Based Victimization and Internalized Homonegativity Among Latinx Sexual Minority Youth: The Moderating Effects of Social Support and School Level
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Self-citation

Authors: Toomey, R. B., & Anhalt, K.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
Kent State University (US)
ORCID: Toomey, Russell B.
Venue: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2016-12
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Pages: 432-441
ISSN: 2329-0382 (ISSN-L)
2329-0390
DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000192
PMC: PMC5178973
OpenAlex: W2563687716
Semantic Scholar: c99da7639fc6f98e1f911b12d135ad73c07f7b49
Cited by: 56
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 5.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (L60 MD008862)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: mindfulness, coping strategies, school victimization, sexual minority youth, Latina/o students, minority stress, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, grade point average, well-being, mindfulness-based interventions

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Mindfulness as a coping strategy for bias-based school victimization among Latina/o sexual minority youth.

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