The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mapping human visual cortex with positron emission tomography
Abstract
Positron-emission tomography (PET) can localize functions of the human brain by imaging regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during voluntary behaviour. Functional brain mapping with PET, however, has been hindered by PET's poor spatial resolution (typically greater than 1 cm). We have developed an image-analysis strategy that can map functional zones not resolved by conventional PET images. Brain areas selectively activated by a behavioural task can be isolated by subtracting a paired control-state image from the task-state image, thereby removing areas not recruited by the task. When imaged in isolation the centre of an activated area can be located very precisely. This allows subtle shifts in response locale due to changes in task to be detected readily despite poor spatial resolution. As an initial application of this strategy we mapped the retinal projection topography of human primary visual cortex. Functional zones separated by less than 3 mm (centre-to-centre) were differentiated using PET CBF images with a spatial resolution of 18 mm. This technique is not limited to a particular brain area or type of behaviour but does require that the increase in CBF produced by the task be both intense and focal.
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“Previous literature reported that the peak activations in V1 and secondary visual areas are stimulation dependent and occur at distinct temporal frequencies (4 or 8 Hz in V1, and 20 or 40 Hz in secondary visual areas for chromatic or luminance flickering, respectively) (Chai et al., 2019; Fox et al., 1986; Kastner et al., 2004; Kwong et al., 1992; Singh et al., 2000).”
From Perception is associated with the brain’s metabolic response to sensory stimulation (2022) · cites this paper as Fox et al., 1986
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Cites
Handbook of Sensory Physiology
Sanders, M. D. (1975) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.59.2.111-c · Cited by 7,166
Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.1140 · Cited by 2,056
The representation of the visual field on the cerebral cortex in monkeys
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Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. II. Implementation and validation.
Raichle, M. E., Martin, W. R. W., Herscovitch, P., Mintun, M. A., & Markham, J. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 1,015
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Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. I. Theory and error analysis.
Herscovitch, P., Markham, J., & Raichle, M. E. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 835
An estimation and application of the human cortical magnification factor
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A Stereotactic Method of Anatomical Localization for Positron Emission Tomography
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DISTURBANCES OF VISION BY CEREBRAL LESIONS
Holmes, G. (1918) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2.7.353 · Cited by 552
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Westheimer, G. Invest, ophthal. vis. Sci. 18, 893–912 (1979).
- Herscovitch, P., Markham, J & Raichle, M. E. J. nucl. Med. 24, 782–789 (1983).
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Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., & Turner, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · Cited by 4,212
The brain's default mode network
Raichle, M. E. (2015) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030 · Cited by 3,904
Self-citationPositron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing
Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Posner, M. I., Mintun, M., & Raichle, M. E. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/331585a0 · Cited by 2,593
Time course EPI of human brain function during task activation
Bandettini, P. A., Wong, E. C., Hinks, R. S., Tikofsky, R. S., & Hyde, J. S. (1992) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910250220 · Cited by 1,935
Fischl, B. R., Liu, A., & Dale, A. M. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.906426 · Cited by 1,755
Metadata
- Authors
- Fox, P. T., Mintun, M. A., Raichle, M. E., Miezin, F. M., Allman, J. M., & Van Essen, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1986-10
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 6091
- Pages
- 806-809
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1994364310
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- functional brain mapping, primary visual cortex, regional cerebral blood flow, positron emission tomography, spatial resolution, image subtraction, visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, Image Enhancement, Regional Blood Flow, Subtraction Technique, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Cortex
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