The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 6 of the 9 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers
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Claims the paper makes
6 of 9 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Of all the plant, amphibian, reptile, bird and mammal species that have gone extinct since ad 1500, 75% were harmed by overexploitation or agricultural activity or both (often in combination with the introduction of invasive alien species 7 ).”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > WHAT NEXT?
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Bellard, C., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, T. M. Biol. Lett. 12, 20150623 (2016). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (section 3; page unavailable) report that, among the 215 extinct species in the five taxa, 58% were affected by biological resource use, 28% by agriculture or aquaculture, and 58% by alien species. They also say species commonly had more than one listed threat, supporting the possibility of combined threats. The paper does not report that 75% were affected by overexploitation or agriculture or establish how often those threats specifically coincided with alien species. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Finally, the balance of threats driving extinction risk for many of the world's species will change, even over the next few decades 3 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [3] Foden, W. B. et al. PLoS ONE 8, e65427 (2013). source
The Introduction (page unavailable) says habitat loss, over-exploitation and invasive species have largely driven extinctions, while climate change is becoming a significant new threat. It also reports projections of increased climate-related extinction risk within this century, including species potentially committed to extinction by 2050. Together, these support the claimed shift in the balance of threats over the coming decades. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Finally, studies have shown Red List categorizations reflecting projected extinction risk from climate change to be more robust than was previously thought 6 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] Keith, D. A. et al. Conserv. Biol. 28, 810–819 (2014). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not supplied) describes earlier doubts about whether Red List criteria can detect climate-change extinction risk. The Factors influencing performance section reports that assessments for later in the twenty-first century were robust to missing data, but the study examined one amphibian species and cautions that early detection can depend on assessing criterion E. The claim overgeneralizes that qualified finding to Red List categorizations broadly. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Thankfully, there are effective tools and approaches to alleviate harm caused by overexploitation and agricultural activities 8 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > WHAT NEXT?
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hayward, M. W. Biodivers. Conserv. 20, 2563–2573 (2011). source
The Discussion says that threats from agriculture and hunting can be treated through site creation, restoration, reintroduction, legislation and effective site management. It also says effective legislation can counter over-hunting, while cautioning that these strategies are not guaranteed to work. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The comprehensively assessed groups included here are not a random sample from the tree of life 1 , but those that are generally better-studied.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [1] Brooks, T. M. et al. Sci. Data 3, 160007 (2016). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods section lists particular taxonomic groups with comprehensive assessments and distinguishes them from a separate taxonomically stratified effort intended to be representative. The Data Records section says some assessed groups are better known than others, but it does not establish that comprehensively assessed groups are generally better studied than groups outside that selection. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Climate change will become an increasingly dominant problem in the biodiversity crisis 3 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > WHAT NEXT?
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] Foden, W. B. et al. PLoS ONE 8, e65427 (2013). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) says climate change is becoming a significant new threat and describes substantial projected extinction risks. It does not say climate change will become a dominant threat relative to habitat loss, overexploitation and invasive species, which the Results identify as the current dominant stressors. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But information on extinction risk has been gathered for only some 0.1% of the more than 50,000 species of fungi thought to exist.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the same time, unsustainable logging is contributing to the decline of more than 4,000 forest-dependent species, such as the Bornean wren-babbler (Ptilocichla leucogrammica), India's Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica), and the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri).”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“And the Fresno kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides) and the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) are two of more than 4,600 species currently under threat from land modification associated with the production of food, fodder or fuel crops.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More than 80% of species analysed are harmed by more than one sub-class threat.”
- Also stated in: § DATA LIMITATIONS · plain
“In fact, more than 80% of the species included in our analysis are affected by more than one major threat.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
- Also stated in: § DATA LIMITATIONS · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 5
- It may state two separate claims as one. 2
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All known bird species have been assessed, for instance.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) are among the 1,688 species affected.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Meanwhile, anthropogenic climate change -including increases in storms, flooding, extreme temperatures or drought that exceed background variability, as well as sea-level rise -is currently affecting 19% of species listed as threatened or near-threatened.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These have dropped in abundance by 90% in the northeastern Atlantic Arctic over the past few decades”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expansion and intensification of agricultural activity is imperilling 5,407 species -62% of those listed as threatened or near-threatened.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
In the paper
“Because agricultural activity and overexploitation tend to occur in fertile places with naturally high levels of biodiversity 4 , the patterns emerging from our analysis probably extend to many of the other species that have not yet been assessed.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Anderson, B. J. et al. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 888–896 (2009). source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet we do not think that any of these caveats alter the overall message.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
“To assess the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity, we quantified threat information for 8,688 near-threatened or threatened species belonging to species groups in which all known species have been assessed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Healthy ecosystems are better repositories for carbon.
“Healthy ecosystems are better repositories for carbon.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Farming contributes substantially to greenhouse-gas emissions.
“Agriculture is a major driver of greenhouse-gas emissions, for example.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Human development and population growth will continue and increase the impacts of overexploitation and agricultural expansion.
“But human development and population growth mean that the impacts of overexploitation and agricultural expansion will also increase.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Hundreds of species and myriad populations are being driven to extinction every year (1–8).”
From Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Combating climate change alone will not be enough to prevent—or possibly even slow—the further loss of biodiversity, unless damaging land/sea use change and direct exploitation are also tackled with similar ambition and determination (14, 27).”
From The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“2,298 species are adversely affected by biological invasions and diseases”
From Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and 1,688 by climate change”
From Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“With a growing and wealthier population, food demand will further increase, accentuating the negative impacts on biodiversity2,3.”
From Farming practices to enhance biodiversity across biomes: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Food systems are a key driver of biodiversity loss worldwide (1).”
From Dietary species richness as a measure of food biodiversity and nutritional quality of diets (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
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The status, threats and conservation of Critically Endangered species
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Causes and Reasons of Insect Decline and the Way Forward
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“Cutting down of trees converting wild land into agriculture, silviculture and other commercial developmental usage can lead to the great decline in the diversity of living organisms all around the world [40, 41] Habitat change is primarily due to human activities and its scope has been expanding over the past centurie…”
BackgroundFactors shaping economics of land use change in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
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Quantifying global colonization pressures of alien vertebrates from wildlife trade
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Are human-induced changes good or bad to dynamic landscape connectivity?
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“For example, one claimed that overexploitation is the most prevalent threat currently facing species (Maxwell et al., 2016), whereas another identified habitat loss as the more salient factor (Tilman et al., 2017).”
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PEIXES NÃO-NATIVOS EM RIACHOS NO BRASIL: ESTADO DA ARTE, LACUNAS DE CONHECIMENTO E PERSPECTIVAS
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The potential for applying “Nonviolent Communication” in conservation science
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“Recent syntheses have highlighted that land-use change and invasive species are the global change drivers that will impact biodiversity the most (Maxwell et al. 2016, Murphy and Romanuk 2013).”
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Threats to land and environmental defenders in nature’s last strongholds
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“Other activities, namely poaching and overfishing, have also been responsible for causing population declines of over 60% of species worldwide (Rands et al. 2010; Maxwell et al. 2016).”
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“3, 4).”
Climate change threats to Earth's wild animals
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Global assessment of landscape pattern changes from 1992 to 2020
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“LULC change alone can have adverse effects on the environment, such as through driving biodiversity loss (Maxwell et al. 2016; Jaureguiberry et al. 2022).”
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Brown Bear (Ursus arctos; North America)
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Mapping threats to species: Method matters
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“Deforestation practices related to agriculture are the world’s second largest threat in terms of conservation of biodiversity [12,13], given that approximately three quarters of the world’s forests have been lost due to this activity [14].”
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“Given that the biodiversity is largely located in the landscape of production, it is unsurprising that any alteration of agricultural practices is associated with the biodiversity threat (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundQuantifying and mapping species threat abatement opportunities to support national target setting
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“Agriculture is the major threat to plants globally (Nic Lughadha et al., 2020) and affects a large proportion of vertebrate species (Maxwell et al., 2016); abating threats from agriculture provides the greatest opportunity to reduce the extinction risk of amphibians, birds, and mammals globally…”
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“Overexploitation for different purposes such as for household consumption, trade, recreation, and subsistence is one of the factors behind quite large number of the species that are currently listed as threatened or near- threatened in the IUCN red list (Maxwell et al., 2016).”
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“Indeed, frugivorous species require larger areas of continuous habitat to forage as their trophic resources are more sparse and clumped in space compared to those of folivorous and omnivorous species (Milton & May 1976), resulting in a reduced tolerance to fragmented habitats.”
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Co-design of diversified cropping systems in the Mediterranean area
Hossard, L., Blanc, L., Lambarraa-Lehnhardt, F., Dordas, C. A., Papakaloudis, P., Michalitsis, A., Lampurlanés, J., Latati, M., Touama, R., Kherif, O., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2023.127050 · Cited by 16
Global Justice and the Biodiversity Crisis
Armstrong, C. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780191888090.001.0001 · Cited by 18
Accelerated human-induced extinction crisis in the world's freshwater mammals
Torres‐Romero, E. J., Fisher, J. T., Nijman, V., He, F., & Eppley, T. M. (2024) · Global Environmental Change Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gecadv.2024.100006 · Cited by 15
International trade and biodiversity: Is export a species killer?
Tian, H., & Cheng, C. (2024) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108313 · Cited by 15
Pillay, R., Watson, J. E. M., Hansen, A. J., Burns, P., Virnig, A. L. S., Supples, C., Armenteras, D., González‐del‐Pliego, P., Aragon-Osejo, J. L., Jantz, P. A., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2413325121 · Cited by 14
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“As agriculture is one 33 of the significant drivers of biodiversity decline, it is important we manage agricultural systems 34 in ways that allow threatened species to persist within them (Maxwell 2016).”
BackgroundThe Management of Mediterranean Coastal Habitats: A Plea for a Socio-ecosystem-Based Approach
Boudouresque, C., Astruch, P., Bănaru, D., Blanchot, J., Blanfuné, A., Carlotti, F., Changeux, T., Faget, D., Goujard, A., Harmelin‐Vivien, M., et al. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43484-7_20 · Cited by 18
High temperature and soil moisture reduce host‐plant quality for an insect herbivore
Kuczyk, J., Raharivololoniaina, A., & Fischer, K. (2021) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1111/een.13025 · Cited by 15
“Human impact is all pervasive and currently changing the Earth’s ecosystems at an unprecedented rate (Maxwell et al., 2016; Díaz et al., 2019).”
BackgroundKosicki, J. Z. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146434 · Cited by 16
Triana, J. S. A., Chu, M. L., & Stein, J. A. (2021) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109604 · Cited by 17
Fluoxetine results in misleading conclusions on fish behavior
Grzesiuk, M., & Pawelec, A. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.7797 · Cited by 15
“Biological invasions are one of “the biggest killers” of world biodiversity (Maxwell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEvaluating the evidence of culling a native species for conservation benefits
Melton, C. B., Reside, A. E., Simmonds, J. S., McDonald, P. G., Major, R. E., Crates, R., Catterall, C. P., Clarke, M. F., Grey, M. J., Davitt, G., et al. (2021) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.549 · Cited by 15
Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Paudel, R. P., Kadariya, R., Lamichhane, B. R., Subedi, N., Sashika, M., Shimozuru, M., & Tsubota, T. (2022) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.8699 · Cited by 16
Operations research applicability in spatial conservation planning
Alagador, D., & Cerdeira, J. O. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115172 · Cited by 17
Global land-use and land-cover data for ecologists: Historical, current, and future scenarios
Rocha, T., Vale, M. M., & Lima‐Ribeiro, M. S. (2021) · Biodiversity Informatics · doi:10.17161/bi.v16i1.15483 · Cited by 15
Brush, M., Matthews, T. J., Borges, P. A. V., & Harte, J. (2022) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.06141 · Cited by 15
Mapping and characterizing social-ecological land systems of South America
Zarbá, L., Rodríguez, M. P., Boillat, S., Levers, C., Gasparri, I., Aide, T. M., Álvarez-Berríos, N. L., Anderson, L. O., Aráoz, E., Arima, E. Y., et al. (2022) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-13066-270227 · Cited by 15
“Humans are not mere inhabitants of ecosystems but strongly influence ecological processes (Ellis and Ramankutty 2008, Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundUnraveling the real magnitude of illegal wildlife poisoning to halt cryptic biodiversity loss
Olea, P. P., Fernández‐García, M., López‐Bao, J. V., et al. (2022) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109702 · Cited by 15
Horswill, C., Wood, M. J., & Manica, A. (2022) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.05846 · Cited by 15
Murray-Dickson, G., Ghazālī, M., Ogden, R., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182049 · Cited by 15
“Overexploitations of natural resources and agricultural activity have been identified as some of the most prominent threats to biodiversity [5].”
BackgroundChallenges in the Conservation of an Over-Harvested Plant Species with High Socioeconomic Values
Chen, Y., Liu, H., & Heinen, J. T. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11154194 · Cited by 15
“In additio , to ease poaching pressures on wild trees and to satisfy commercial demand, the Chinese government, along with several other Asian countries, has encouraged the cultivation of Aquilaria species [2,23,24].”
BackgroundGlobal offtake of wild animals from wetlands: critical issues for fish and birds
Brotherton, S. J., Joyce, C. B., & Scharlemann, J. P. W. (2020) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-020-04188-z · Cited by 15
van Velden, J. L., Travers, H., Moyo, B., & Biggs, D. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108676 · Cited by 19
Martínez-Ramón, V., Bromwich, T., Modernel, P., et al. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.4072 · Cited by 14
Levillain, A., Reichert, S., & Massemin, S. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.71771 · Cited by 14
Slow life history leaves endangered snake vulnerable to illegal collecting
Jolly, C. J., von Takach, B., & Webb, J. K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84745-1 · Cited by 14
McNellie, M. J., Oliver, I., Ferrier, S., Newell, G. R., Manion, G., Griffioen, P. A., White, M. D., Koen, T., Somerville, M., & Gibbons, P. (2021) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-021-01221-x · Cited by 14
Olmedo, A., Veríssimo, D., Milner‐Gulland, E. J., et al. (2021) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605320001040 · Cited by 14
Climate adaptation interventions for iconic fauna
Mason, C., Hobday, A. J., Alderman, R. L., & Lea, M. (2021) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.434 · Cited by 16
Lewin, A., Erinjery, J. J., de Waroux, Y. L. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Arid Environments · doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104547 · Cited by 14
Ecosystem functions in degraded riparian forests of southeastern Kenya
Habel, J. C., & Ulrich, W. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.8011 · Cited by 14
“The transformation of natural and near- natural habitats into anthropogenic, that is, intensively used landscapes, such as settlements, agricultural fields, pastures, and plantations, has been ranked as the top driver causing global biodiversity loss (Maxwell et al., 2016; Sala et al., 2000).”
BackgroundThe scope and extent of literature that maps threats to species globally: a systematic map
Ridley, F. A., Hickinbotham, E. J., Suggitt, A. J., McGowan, P. J. K., & Mair, L. (2022) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-022-00279-7 · Cited by 14
“Whereas, direct exploitative threats are likely to be underrepresented [62, 63], despite biological resource use being the most frequently reported threat in IUCN Red List assessments [64].”
BackgroundTowards effective management of an overabundant native bird: The noisy miner
Crates, R., Mcdonald, P., Melton, C. B., Maron, M., Ingwersen, D., Mowat, E., Breckenridge, M., Murphy, L., & Heinsohn, R. (2022) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.12875 · Cited by 8
“Managing pest species is a global conservation challenge (Didham et al., 2007; Maxwell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundCardoso, I., Bueno, A. S., & Morante‐Filho, J. C. (2023) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-023-01601-5 · Cited by 14
Surveillance of coastal biodiversity through social network monitoring
Otero, P., Velasco, E., & Valeiras, J. (2024) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102515 · Cited by 14
Mell, H., Fack, V., Percevault, L., Vanpeene, S., Bertheau, Y., Coulon, A., Lachapelle, F. F. D., Guinard, É., Jeusset, A., Mitouard, E. L., et al. (2024) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-024-00328-3 · Cited by 15
“For the last decades, human activities have resulted in a global loss of biodiversity [1], and activities related to transportation were identified as one of the ten major threats faced by threatened or near-threatened species [2].”
BackgroundCarroll, D., Ahola, M., Carlsson, A. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.14065 · Cited by 14
“Although often eclipsed in discussions of biodiversity loss by newer threats, such as habitat loss and climate change, overexploitation remains the strongest driver of population declines and extinctions globally (Ceballos et al., 2015; Maxwell et al., 2016).”
Beyond Science: Exploring the Value of Co-created Citizen Science for Diverse Community Groups
Robinson, D., Delany, J. E., & Sugden, H. E. (2024) · Citizen Science Theory and Practice · doi:10.5334/cstp.682 · Cited by 14
Farm dam enhancement significantly improves water quality
Evans, M. J., Beggs, R., Scheele, B. C., et al. (2024) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2024.109134 · Cited by 14
Denny, S., Englander, G., & Hunnicutt, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2401814121 · Cited by 15
Birds from Urban Latin America, Where Economic Inequality and Urbanization Meet Biodiversity
MacGregor‐Fors, I., & Escobar‐Ibáñez, J. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63475-3_1 · Cited by 16
The power to detect regional declines in common bird populations using continental monitoring data
Baker, D. J., Clarke, R. H., & McGeoch, M. A. (2019) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.1918 · Cited by 15
Mitchell, B. A., Callaghan, C. T., & Rowley, J. J. L. (2020) · Journal of Urban Ecology · doi:10.1093/jue/juaa002 · Cited by 14
Biological Invasions as a Component of South Africa’s Global Change Research Effort
van Wilgen, N. J., van Wilgen, B. W., & Midgley, G. F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_29 · Cited by 14
MacGregor‐Fors, I., Gómez‐Martínez, M. A., García‐Arroyo, M., et al. (2020) · Urban Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s11252-020-00970-y · Cited by 14
“, land-use change, biogeochemical cycle shifts, biological invasions, climate change), setting urbanization as one of the major causes of species endangerment at different temporal and spatial scales, as well as human health and well-being (Czech and Krausman 1997; Czech et al. 2000; Grimm et al. 2008; Maxwell et al.…”
BackgroundSu, J.-Y., Yu, Y., Li, C. V., Dan, L., & Fang, K. (2020) · Biodiversity Science · doi:10.17520/biods.2019116 · Cited by 15
DnB, the Database of Nymphalids in Brazil, with a Checklist for Standardized Species Lists
Shirai, L. T., Machado, P. A., Mota, L. L., Rosa, A. H. B., & Freitas, A. V. L. (2019) · Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society · doi:10.18473/lepi.73i2.a4 · Cited by 14
The scope and extent of literature that maps threats to species: a systematic map protocol
Ridley, F. A., McGowan, P. J. K., & Mair, L. (2020) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-020-00206-8 · Cited by 13
“the most frequent in IUCN Red List assessments was found to be overexploitation and agriculture [7, 8].”
BackgroundPoaching and illegal wildlife trade in western Argentina
Becerra, S., Marinero, J., & Borghi, C. E. (2022) · Ethnobiology and Conservation · doi:10.15451/ec2022-01-11.05-1-15 · Cited by 14
“Added to this is the collection of individuals for the pet trade and medicinal or religious purposes (Maxwell et al. 2016; Van Uhm 2016).”
BackgroundAgricultural Intensification Causes Decline in Insect Biodiversity
Abudulai, M., Nboyine, J. A., Quandahor, P., Seidu, A., & Traore, F. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.101360 · Cited by 17
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“…land use change, leading to destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of natural habitats [17]; pollution, including fossil-fuel-induced climate change [18]; the introduction of invasive species to new localities by humans [19]; and overexploitation of commercially valuable species [20].”
BackgroundWhy Politics and Context Matter in Conservation Policy
Damiens, F. L. P., Mumaw, L., Backstrom, A., Bekessy, S. A., Coffey, B., Faulkner, R., Garrard, G. E., Hardy, M. J., Kusmanoff, A. M., Mata, L., et al. (2017) · Global Policy · doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12415 · Cited by 14
“Yet the trend of increasing numbers of threatened species due to an inability to adapt to human-induced disturbances occurring at much shorter time scales than evolutionary processes (Rickards, 2016) demonstrates that many species are at risk of disappearing in coming decades (Maxwell et al., 2016; WWF, 2016).”
BackgroundCappa, F. M., Borghi, C. E., & Giannoni, S. M. (2019) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d11070110 · Cited by 14
“These infrastructures could increase 60% in their extension by 2050 [6] and they have been placed among the top ten biodiversity threats [7].”
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de Andrade, A. C., Medeiros, W., & Adams, M. D. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5596 · Cited by 14
Jumeau, J., Lopez, J., Morand, A., Petrod, L., Burel, F., & Handrich, Y. (2020) · European Journal of Wildlife Research · doi:10.1007/s10344-020-1364-5 · Cited by 14
“Roads are another cause of biodiversity loss (Forman and Alexander 1998; Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundA global mapping template for natural and modified habitat across terrestrial Earth
Gosling, J., Jones, M. I., Arnell, A., Watson, J. E. M., Venter, O., Baquero, A. C., & Burgess, N. D. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108674 · Cited by 13
Self-citationCOVID-19 impact and policy responses in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
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Glyphosate and urea co-exposure: Impacts on soil nitrogen cycling
Li, P., Zhai, W., Li, B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138150 · Cited by 13
Álvarez-Castillo, C., MacGregor‐Fors, I., Arriaga-Weiss, S. L., et al. (2022) · Avian Research · doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100019 · Cited by 13
New ‘old’ risks on the small farm: Iconic species rewilding in Europe
Duckett, D. G., Bjørkhaug, H., Arnalte-Mur, L., & Palmioli, L. (2022) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106115 · Cited by 13
Macrophysiology for decision‐making
Chown, S. L. (2022) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.13029 · Cited by 14
Taiwan's Breeding Bird Survey reveals very few declining species
Lin, D., Ko, J. C., Amano, T., Hsu, C.-T., Fuller, R. A., Maron, M., Fan, M.-W., Pursner, S., Wu, T.-Y., Wu, S., et al. (2022) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109839 · Cited by 13
Self-citationStatus of terrestrial mammals in the Yangambi Landscape, Democratic Republic of the Congo
van Vliet, N., Quintero, S., Muhindo, J., et al. (2023) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605322001569 · Cited by 13
Development of a measuring instrument to monitor the biodiversity awareness of the German population
Bamberg, S., Mues, A. W., Reese, G., Kösling, P., van Deuren, C., & Tröger, J. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102122 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Maxwell, S. L., Fuller, R. A., Brooks, T. M., & Watson, J. E. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (CH)
- Wildlife Conservation Society (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maxwell, Sean L.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-08-10
- Volume
- 536
- Issue
- 7615
- Pages
- 143-145
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2510388658
- Cited by
- 1,979
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 143 · 2025: 231 · 2024: 250 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 256 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 218 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 121.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- biodiversity loss, extinction drivers, IUCN Red List, species endangerment
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Cities, Firearms, Human Activities, Population Dynamics, Extinction, Biological, Endangered Species, Climate Change, Environmental Policy
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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