The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 6 of the 9 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers
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Claims the paper makes
6 of 9 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Of all the plant, amphibian, reptile, bird and mammal species that have gone extinct since ad 1500, 75% were harmed by overexploitation or agricultural activity or both (often in combination with the introduction of invasive alien species 7 ).”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > WHAT NEXT?
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Bellard, C., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, T. M. Biol. Lett. 12, 20150623 (2016). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (section 3; page unavailable) report that, among the 215 extinct species in the five taxa, 58% were affected by biological resource use, 28% by agriculture or aquaculture, and 58% by alien species. They also say species commonly had more than one listed threat, supporting the possibility of combined threats. The paper does not report that 75% were affected by overexploitation or agriculture or establish how often those threats specifically coincided with alien species. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Finally, the balance of threats driving extinction risk for many of the world's species will change, even over the next few decades 3 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [3] Foden, W. B. et al. PLoS ONE 8, e65427 (2013). source
The Introduction (page unavailable) says habitat loss, over-exploitation and invasive species have largely driven extinctions, while climate change is becoming a significant new threat. It also reports projections of increased climate-related extinction risk within this century, including species potentially committed to extinction by 2050. Together, these support the claimed shift in the balance of threats over the coming decades. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Finally, studies have shown Red List categorizations reflecting projected extinction risk from climate change to be more robust than was previously thought 6 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] Keith, D. A. et al. Conserv. Biol. 28, 810–819 (2014). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not supplied) describes earlier doubts about whether Red List criteria can detect climate-change extinction risk. The Factors influencing performance section reports that assessments for later in the twenty-first century were robust to missing data, but the study examined one amphibian species and cautions that early detection can depend on assessing criterion E. The claim overgeneralizes that qualified finding to Red List categorizations broadly. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Thankfully, there are effective tools and approaches to alleviate harm caused by overexploitation and agricultural activities 8 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > WHAT NEXT?
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hayward, M. W. Biodivers. Conserv. 20, 2563–2573 (2011). source
The Discussion says that threats from agriculture and hunting can be treated through site creation, restoration, reintroduction, legislation and effective site management. It also says effective legislation can counter over-hunting, while cautioning that these strategies are not guaranteed to work. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The comprehensively assessed groups included here are not a random sample from the tree of life 1 , but those that are generally better-studied.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [1] Brooks, T. M. et al. Sci. Data 3, 160007 (2016). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods section lists particular taxonomic groups with comprehensive assessments and distinguishes them from a separate taxonomically stratified effort intended to be representative. The Data Records section says some assessed groups are better known than others, but it does not establish that comprehensively assessed groups are generally better studied than groups outside that selection. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Climate change will become an increasingly dominant problem in the biodiversity crisis 3 .”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > WHAT NEXT?
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] Foden, W. B. et al. PLoS ONE 8, e65427 (2013). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) says climate change is becoming a significant new threat and describes substantial projected extinction risks. It does not say climate change will become a dominant threat relative to habitat loss, overexploitation and invasive species, which the Results identify as the current dominant stressors. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But information on extinction risk has been gathered for only some 0.1% of the more than 50,000 species of fungi thought to exist.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the same time, unsustainable logging is contributing to the decline of more than 4,000 forest-dependent species, such as the Bornean wren-babbler (Ptilocichla leucogrammica), India's Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica), and the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri).”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“And the Fresno kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides) and the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) are two of more than 4,600 species currently under threat from land modification associated with the production of food, fodder or fuel crops.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“More than 80% of species analysed are harmed by more than one sub-class threat.”
- Also stated in: § DATA LIMITATIONS · plain
“In fact, more than 80% of the species included in our analysis are affected by more than one major threat.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
- Also stated in: § DATA LIMITATIONS · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 5
- It may state two separate claims as one. 2
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All known bird species have been assessed, for instance.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) are among the 1,688 species affected.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Meanwhile, anthropogenic climate change -including increases in storms, flooding, extreme temperatures or drought that exceed background variability, as well as sea-level rise -is currently affecting 19% of species listed as threatened or near-threatened.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These have dropped in abundance by 90% in the northeastern Atlantic Arctic over the past few decades”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expansion and intensification of agricultural activity is imperilling 5,407 species -62% of those listed as threatened or near-threatened.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > ON THE LIST
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
In the paper
“Because agricultural activity and overexploitation tend to occur in fertile places with naturally high levels of biodiversity 4 , the patterns emerging from our analysis probably extend to many of the other species that have not yet been assessed.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Anderson, B. J. et al. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 888–896 (2009). source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet we do not think that any of these caveats alter the overall message.”
§ The forgotten women of Antarctic research p > DATA LIMITATIONS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
The IUCN Red List threat information is sufficiently accurate and complete to quantify the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity.
“To assess the relative prevalence of current hazards to biodiversity, we quantified threat information for 8,688 near-threatened or threatened species belonging to species groups in which all known species have been assessed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Healthy ecosystems are better repositories for carbon.
“Healthy ecosystems are better repositories for carbon.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Farming contributes substantially to greenhouse-gas emissions.
“Agriculture is a major driver of greenhouse-gas emissions, for example.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Human development and population growth will continue and increase the impacts of overexploitation and agricultural expansion.
“But human development and population growth mean that the impacts of overexploitation and agricultural expansion will also increase.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Hundreds of species and myriad populations are being driven to extinction every year (1–8).”
From Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Combating climate change alone will not be enough to prevent—or possibly even slow—the further loss of biodiversity, unless damaging land/sea use change and direct exploitation are also tackled with similar ambition and determination (14, 27).”
From The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“2,298 species are adversely affected by biological invasions and diseases”
From Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and 1,688 by climate change”
From Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“With a growing and wealthier population, food demand will further increase, accentuating the negative impacts on biodiversity2,3.”
From Farming practices to enhance biodiversity across biomes: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Food systems are a key driver of biodiversity loss worldwide (1).”
From Dietary species richness as a measure of food biodiversity and nutritional quality of diets (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
The performance and potential of protected areas
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Self-citationAlien species as a driver of recent extinctions
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Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests
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Interactions among ecosystem stressors and their importance in conservation
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Spatial covariance between biodiversity and other ecosystem service priorities
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Intact ecosystems provide best defence against climate change
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Self-citationDetecting Extinction Risk from Climate Change by IUCN Red List Criteria
KEITH, D. A., MAHONY, M., HINES, H., ELITH, J., REGAN, T. J., BAUMGARTNER, J. B., HUNTER, D., HEARD, G. W., MITCHELL, N. J., PARRIS, K. M., et al. (2014) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12234 · Cited by 97
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,100 of 1,973
Green, J., Schmidt-Burbach, J., & Elwin, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Conservation Science · doi:10.3389/fcosc.2022.902074 · Cited by 8
Do media reports reflect the real threats to wildlife?
Morini, R. F. D. S., Ribeiro, R. C., Trentini, I. P., et al. (2022) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109853 · Cited by 8
Tarjuelo, R., & Aragón, P. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161917 · Cited by 8
Almeida, R. J., Bonachela, J. A., & Lockwood, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14376 · Cited by 8
Quarles, L. F., Feddema, K., Campera, M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Conservation Science · doi:10.3389/fcosc.2023.1067355 · Cited by 8
“Prolific and unsustainable trade of wildlife is a major threat to biodiversity across the globe (Maxwell et al., 2016; Cardoso et al., 2021), and emerging and established platforms on the internet have become conduits for the illegal trade of numerous species (MilnerGulland, 2018).”
BackgroundEmerging opportunities for wildlife conservation with sustainable autonomous transportation
Silva, I., & Calabrese, J. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1002/fee.2697 · Cited by 8
Kirk, D. A., Martínez‐Lanfranco, J. A., Forsyth, D. J., & Martin, A. E. (2024) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2943 · Cited by 8
Extensive mismatch between protected areas and biodiversity hotspots of Iranian Lepidoptera
Noori, S., Rödder, D., Soofi, M., Hawlitschek, O., Husemann, M., & Rajaei, H. (2024) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/icad.12760 · Cited by 9
“Anthropogenic factors like overexploitation, agricultural intensification, habitat destruction and climate change are among the main reasons for this drastic deterioration (Maxwell et al., 2016; Pimm et al., 2014; Shivanna, 2022).”
Coleman, J. L., Randhawa, N., Huang, J. C., Kingston, T., Lee, B. P. Y. ‐., O’Keefe, J. M., Rutrough, A. L., Thong, V. D., Tsang, S. M., & Shepherd, C. R. (2024) · European Journal of Wildlife Research · doi:10.1007/s10344-024-01829-9 · Cited by 8
“Indeed, global biodiversity loss is strongly driven by the overexploitation of wild species (Maxwell et al. 2016), including for commerce (e.g., Symes et al. 2018b).”
Zhang, P., Kong, Y., Wang, L., et al. (2024) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-024-05690-4 · Cited by 8
“Unprecedented biodiversity loss due to environmental change (Teagle & Smale, 2018) and human activities (Maxwell et al., 2016) is widespread globally.”
Forsman, A., Sunde, J., Salis, R. K., & Franzén, M. (2024) · Geography and sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.geosus.2024.09.002 · Cited by 8
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Using interview surveys and multispecies occupancy models to inform vertebrate conservation
Pillay, R., Miller, D. A. W., Raghunath, R., Joshi, A. A., Mishra, C., Johnsingh, A. J. T., & Madhusudan, M. D. (2021) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.13832 · Cited by 10
“The conversion and degradation of natural areas for agriculture and forestry remain the greatest threats to biodiversity (Green et al., 2005; Maxwell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSushma, H. S., Kumar, P. R., & Kumara, H. N. (2022) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-021-00966-y · Cited by 9
Steibl, S., Gebauer, G., & Laforsch, C. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154838 · Cited by 8
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Kuemmerle, T., Kästner, T., Meyfroidt, P., & Qin, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11105-2_15 · Cited by 10
Communicating the true challenges of saving species: response to Wiedenfeld et al.
Watson, J. E. M., Simmonds, J. S., Ward, M. S., et al. (2022) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.13961 · Cited by 8
“Despite ambitious international commitments over 3 decades, none of the major drivers causing the dramatic increase in species threatened with extinction are receding (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMunishi, L. K., & Ngondya, I. B. (2022) · PLOS Sustainability and Transformation · doi:10.1371/journal.pstr.0000027 · Cited by 9
“0% of species listed on the IUCN red list are endangered by loss of habitat through anthropogenic activities, making habitat loss the number one cause of extinction risk today [19].”
BackgroundVignoles, P., Dreyfuss, G., & Rondelaud, D. (2022) · International Journal of Limnology · doi:10.1051/limn/2022011 · Cited by 8
“…(a) loss and degradation of habitats due to human use of land and sea, (b) overexploitation of wild populations and (c) impact of pollution and/or climate change on populations and ecological communities of invasive alien species (Maxwell et al. , 2016; Díaz et al. , 2019; Leclère et al. , 2020).”
Land-use changes and ecosystem services
Pereira, P. A. D. S., Inácio, M., Kalinauskas, M., Bogdzevič, K., Bogunović, I., & Zhao, W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90947-1.00007-7 · Cited by 15
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“Prevailing agricultural practices and overexploitation of wild species have caused unprecedented bio-diversity loss and ecosystem deterioration worldwide (Maxwell et al. 2016; IPBES 2019).”
BackgroundKudrenko, S., Fenchuk, V., Vollering, J., Zedrosser, A., Selva, N., Ostapowicz, K., Beasley, J. C., & Heurich, M. (2023) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02586 · Cited by 10
“Wilderness areas shrink and stop providing ecosystem services because of resource extraction, conversion of natural landscapes to cropland, urban sprawl and road development (Maxwell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundModeling Proboscis monkey conservation sites on Borneo using ensemble machine learning
Sakti, A. D., Adillah, K. P., Santoso, C., Faruqi, I. A., Hendrawan, V. S. A., Sofan, P., Rustam, R., Fauzi, A. I., Setiawan, Y., Utami, I., et al. (2024) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03101 · Cited by 12
Empty forests: safeguarding a sinking flagship in a biodiversity hotspot
Cuadros‐Casanova, I., Zamora, C., Ulrich, W., et al. (2018) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-018-1548-4 · Cited by 8
“The transformation of pristine habitats into settlements and agricultural land, and the exploitation of resources are classified as the most relevant driver causing global biodiversity loss (Sala et al. 2000; Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundFaecal analyses and alimentary tracers reveal the foraging ecology of two sympatric bats
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United States wildlife and wildlife product imports from 2000-2014Preprint
Eskew, E. A., White, A. M., Ross, N., Smith, K. M., Smith, K. F., Rodrı́guez, J. P., Zambrana‐Torrelio, C., Karesh, W. B., & Daszak, P. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/780197 · Cited by 8
REMOVED DUE TO POLICY VIOLATIONSPreprint
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The N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve for biodiversity loss: A count data analysis
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“31 Climate change also alters habitat and increases the risk of extreme disasters such as droughts, fl oods, wild fi re, and storms 32 ; hence, posing an immense impact on biodiversity and sabotaging the conservation efforts.”
Oduor, S., Gichuki, N. N., Brown, J. L., Parker, J., Kimata, D. M., Murray, S. Z., Goldenberg, S. Z., Schutgens, M., & Wittemyer, G. (2024) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coae051 · Cited by 9
“…is increasingly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, overexploitation of natural resources, invasive species, and pollution (Tilman et al ., 2017; Leisher et al ., 2022), resulting in many of the continent’s species being at risk of extinction (Maxwell et al ., 2016).”
BackgroundDivergent trajectories of regeneration in early‐successional forests after logging and wildfire
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Nature Positive mining: Guidance for a critical transition
Victurine, R., Anstee, S., Jones, K. R., Rainey, H., DeGemmis, A., & Crowley, H. (2024) · PLOS Sustainability and Transformation · doi:10.1371/journal.pstr.0000142 · Cited by 11
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Urbanization of seed dispersal networks
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Targeted conservation actions are required to save species from extinction
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Bull, J. W., Taylor, I., de Valença, A., IJspeert, R., van Erve, B., Modernel, P., & Poore, J. (2025) · npj Biodiversity · doi:10.1038/s44185-025-00095-5 · Cited by 7
“11 – 13), and one that will play a key role in whether international agreements on climate change can be achieved 14 .”
Destoumieux‐Garzón, D., Bonnet, P., Teplitsky, C., Criscuolo, F., Henry, P., Mazurais, D., Prunet, P., Salvat, G., Usseglio‐Polatera, P., Verrier, É., et al. (2020) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2020.100053 · Cited by 15
The link between wildlife trade and the global donkey skin product network
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Hansen, A. J., Mullan, K., Theobald, D. M., Robinson, N., East, A., & Powell, S. L. (2022) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2612 · Cited by 8
Khan, P. B., Eliuk, L., Frey, S., Bone, C. E., & Fisher, J. T. (2022) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02355 · Cited by 8
Asgharzadeh, M., Alesheikh, A. A., & Yousefi, M. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-26742-7 · Cited by 7
“One of the critical factors for habitat loss and fragmentation is land use change, leading to an increasing number of species with contracted distribution (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSmith, D., Evans, M. J., Scheele, B. C., Crane, M. J., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2023) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2023.108765 · Cited by 7
The prey of the Harpy Eagle in its last reproductive refuges in the Atlantic Forest
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“Endangered species are experiencing population declines, mainly as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation generated by anthropogenic activities such as livestock farming, agriculture, silviculture, roads, and overexploitation, among others 105 .”
The biodiversity crisis and global justice: a research agenda
Armstrong, C. (2024) · Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy · doi:10.1080/13698230.2024.2380218 · Cited by 9
Prevalence of endangered shark trophies in automated detection of the online wildlife trade
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Zhang, X., Song, W., & He, G. (2025) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113704 · Cited by 7
Multiple Perspectives on Biodiversity Conservation: From Concept to Heated Debate
Baldauf, C., & Lunardi, V. D. O. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41686-7_2 · Cited by 8
Systematics, Evolution, and Genetics of Bears
Kitchener, A. C., Bellemain, E., Ding, X., Kopatz, A., Kutschera, V. E., Salomashkina, V., Ruiz‐García, M., Graves, T. A., Hou, Y., Werdelin, L., et al. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108692571.002 · Cited by 9
de Morais, A. R., Freitas-Oliveira, R., Moreira, J. C., de Souza, A. O., Bittar, B. B., de Carvalho, F. M. V., de Oliveira, G. V., Santos, L. R. S., Guimarães, M. A., Amorim, N. P. L., et al. (2022) · Biota Neotropica · doi:10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1283 · Cited by 8
“The rapid population decline and the consequent extinction of many species around the world have alarmed scientists and decision-makers (Pimm et al. 2014, Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundIntegrating Social Justice into Higher Education Conservation Science
Montgomery, R. A., Pointer, A. M., Jingo, S., Kasozi, H., Ogada, M., & Mudumba, T. (2022) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biac008 · Cited by 8
“These conservation paradigms, however, have exposed considerable violations to human rights underscoring the fundamental need to integrate social justice into conservation practice (Chan 2008, Mbaria and Ogada 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHe, J., Smith‐Hall, C., Zhou, W. L., Zhou, W., Wang, Y., & Fan, B. (2022) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.12759 · Cited by 7
“Species used to source commercial products are particularly prone to overexploitation, with negative conservation and livelihood impacts (Maxwell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundCoppée, T., Paquet, J., Titeux, N., et al. (2022) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110136 · Cited by 7
Grzędzicka, E. (2023) · Journal for Nature Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126352 · Cited by 7
Evolving the Common Agricultural Policy for Tomorrow's Challenges
Detang‐Dessendre, C., & Guyomard, H. (2023) · Éditions Quæ eBooks · doi:10.35690/978-2-7592-3716-6 · Cited by 7
The influence of landscape characteristics on breeding bird dark diversity
Andersen, A. H., Clausen, K. K., Normand, S., et al. (2023) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05351-8 · Cited by 7
“The world’s ecosystems are amidst a global biodiversity crisis (Western 1992; Maxwell et al. 2016; Díaz et al. 2019; IPBES 2019), and recent human-driven changes of natural landscapes have significantly altered previously intact ecological communities (Chase et al.”
BackgroundSpatial variation in the association between agricultural activities and bird communities in Canada
Betini, G. S., Malaj, E., Donkersteeg, C., Smith, A. C., Wilson, S., Mitchell, G. W., Clark, R. G., Bishop, C. A., Burns, L. E., Dakin, R., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163413 · Cited by 6
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“Biological invasions are a major cause of the current biodiversity crisis, cost billions in damages and control efforts, and contribute to the spread of zoonotic diseases (Bradshaw et al. 2016, Maxwell et al. 2016, Zhang et al. 2022).”
Noori, S., Hofmann, A., Rödder, D., et al. (2024) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-023-02760-2 · Cited by 7
“…habitat degradation and overexploitation, human-induced climate change has been considered one of the main drivers of the sixth mass extinction, which increased the rate of extinction by 100 times compared to the last five mass extinctions (Maxwell et al. 2016; Pimm et al. 2014; Shivanna 2020).”
BackgroundIrwin, A., Geschke, A., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16031343 · Cited by 7
Inch, T., Nicoll, M. A. C., Feare, C. J., et al. (2024) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/ibi.13326 · Cited by 7
“The exploitation of threatened and near-threatened species is recognized as one of the greatest threats this century to global (Maxwell et al .”
Backing biodiversity: understanding nature conservation behaviour and policy support in Australia
Borg, K., Hatty, M. A., Klebl, C., Wibisono, S., Smith, L. D. G., Louis, W. R., & Dean, A. J. (2024) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-024-02875-0 · Cited by 10
“Biodiversity loss stems from human activities (Amel et al. 2017; Maxwell et al. 2016).”
Species loss: lack of data leaves a gap
Bland, L. M., & Collen, B. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/537488c · Cited by 8
Davey, S. M. (2018) · Australian Forestry · doi:10.1080/00049158.2018.1510627 · Cited by 7
“…in the SPRAT Database are similar to those used by and reported for Australian biodiversity (Sattler et al. 2002; Cresswell & Murphy 2017), Australian flora (Burgman et al. 2007), Australian mammals (Woinarski et al. 2014, 2015) and those threats reported globally (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
MethodDryland communities find little refuge from grazing due to long-term changes in water availability
Healy, A., TULLOCH, A. I. T., & Fensham, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Arid Environments · doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.104098 · Cited by 7
Belder, D. J., Pierson, J. C., Ikin, K., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2020) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04611-1 · Cited by 7
Delivering on the Promise of Biological Control in Asia's Food Systems: A Humboldtian Perspective
Wyckhuys, K. A. G., González-Chang, M., Adriani, E., Albaytar, A. B., Albertini, A., Avila, G. A., Beltran, M. J. B., Boreros, A. D., Fanani, M. Z., Nguyen, D. T., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2020.00140 · Cited by 7
“Conventional agriculture -as a dynamic, inter-connected socio-ecological system- entails land clearance, ecosystem mismanagement and chemical pollution, and is thus a major contributor to environmental change (Dirzo et al., 2014; Maxwell et al., 2016; Isbell et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMingarro, M., Benavente, F. A., & Lobo, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2020.1782859 · Cited by 7
Faggioni, G. P., Souza, F. L., Filho, A. C. P., Gamarra, R. M., & Prado, C. P. A. (2020) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/aec.12966 · Cited by 7
Gaba, S., & Bretagnolle, V. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59875-4_14 · Cited by 10
“The expansion and intensification of agricultural activity is also threatening no less than 5407 animal species — 62% of those listed as threatened or near-threatened, placing agriculture second in the rank of the biggest threats to biodiversity (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSpecies Diversity Induces Idiosyncratic Effects on Litter Decomposition in a Degraded Meadow Steppe
Naeem, I., Asif, T., Wu, X., Hassan, N., Yiming, L., Wang, H., Wang, L., & Wang, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2021.582409 · Cited by 7
The Bushmasters (Lachesis spp.): Queens of the rainforest
Barrio-Amorós, C. L., Corrales, G., Rodríguez, S., et al. (2020) · Reptiles & Amphibians · doi:10.17161/randa.v27i3.14978 · Cited by 7
Radford, J. Q., Amos, N., Harrisson, K. A., Sunnucks, P., & Pavlova, A. (2021) · Emu - Austral Ornithology · doi:10.1080/01584197.2021.1903331 · Cited by 7
“Habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation disrupt population processes that contribute to population fitness and are major drivers of bird population declines worldwide (Ford 2011; Maxwell et al. 2016; Kearney et al. 2018).”
BackgroundMaghiar, L. M., Stoica, I., & Tanentzap, A. J. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.7864 · Cited by 7
“Few studies have included human disturbance alongside climate projections, despite the former being a more immediate and larger cause of extinction (Maxwell et al., 2016).”
BackgroundLois-Prados, C., & Hilker, F. M. (2022) · SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems · doi:10.1137/21m1416515 · Cited by 7
Pompozzi, G., de Santiago, F., Blumetto, O., et al. (2022) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-022-00399-y · Cited by 7
Biodiversity Conservation in Canada: From Theory to Practice
Schneider, R. (2023) · doi:10.29173/oer36 · Cited by 8
Should I shoot or should I go? Simple rules for prey selection in multi‐species hunting systems
Chang, C. H., & Drohan, S. E. (2018) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.1796 · Cited by 7
“The unsustainable harvest of wildlife threatens global biodiversity, particularly in the tropics (Maxwell et al. 2016, Ripple et al. 2016).”
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Sloth Bear ( Melursus ursinus )
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How effective are ecological metrics in supporting conservation and management in degraded streams?
Mathers, K. L., Robinson, C. T., Hill, M. J., et al. (2024) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-024-02933-7 · Cited by 6
“However, land use change and different forms of pollution remain equally important in conservation and management decisions (Maxwell et al. 2016; Titeux et al. 2016).”
BackgroundDivergent Importance and Geographic Patterns in Threats to Birds and Mammals in China
Gao, X., Liu, Z., Corlett, R. T., Jiang, Z., Hughes, A. C., Ma, K., Svenning, J., & Feng, G. (2024) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.13925 · Cited by 7
“In addition, other analyses list many of the same threats we found, including agriculture, logging and overgraz-ing (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
Colourful Brazilian anurans are preferentially targeted by wildlife trade
Werling, J. L., Morton, O., & Edwards, D. P. (2024) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110923 · Cited by 6
Public finance allocation does not reflect biodiversity priorities
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“This decline began with a reduction in the number of species [27], through biotic homogenization [31], to even species extinction [32].”
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Emerging threats to Antarctic conservation
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“Nonetheless, agricultural land use is the leading driver of biodiversity loss 5–8 .”
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Biodiversity conservation requires consideration of different life history stages
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There is a trade-off between forest productivity and animal biodiversity in Europe
Khamila, C. N., Groen, T. A., Toxopeus, A. G., Santini, L., Neumann, M., van Swaay, C., & Sierdsema, H. (2023) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-023-02582-2 · Cited by 8
“2015), and reported as a recurrent threat to red listed forest species (Maxwell et al. 2016).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Maxwell, S. L., Fuller, R. A., Brooks, T. M., & Watson, J. E. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (CH)
- Wildlife Conservation Society (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maxwell, Sean L.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-08-10
- Volume
- 536
- Issue
- 7615
- Pages
- 143-145
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2510388658
- Cited by
- 1,979
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 143 · 2025: 231 · 2024: 250 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 256 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 218 · 2019: 184 · 2018: 128 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 121.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- biodiversity loss, extinction drivers, IUCN Red List, species endangerment
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Animals, Cities, Firearms, Human Activities, Population Dynamics, Extinction, Biological, Endangered Species, Climate Change, Environmental Policy
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