The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Immune cell infiltration as an indicator of the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The host immune reaction is represented by immune/inflammatory cell infiltrates. Here we systematically analysed tumour-infiltrating immune/inflammatory cells in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) and evaluated their clinicopathological impact. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, we examined tumour-infiltrating CD68(+) pan-macrophages, HLA-DR(+)CD68(+) M1 macrophages (M1), CD163(+) or CD204(+) M2 macrophages (M2), CD66b(+) neutrophils (Neu), CD4(+) T cells (CD4(+)T), CD8(+) T cells (CD8(+)T), and FOXP3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) in 212 cases of PDC, and conducted correlation and survival analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Higher levels of tumour-infiltrating pan-macrophages, M2, Neu, or the ratio of Tregs to CD4(+)T (%Treg) were significantly associated with shorter survival, whereas higher levels of tumour-infiltrating CD4(+)T, CD8(+)T, or the ratio of M1 to pan-macrophages (%M1) were significantly associated with longer survival. Survival analysis of pairs of these variables revealed that some of the resulting patient groups had exclusively longer survival. We then connected the apparently related factors, and two significant variables emerged: tumour-infiltrating CD4(+)T(high)/CD8(+)T(high)/%Treg(low) and tumour-infiltrating %M1(high)/M2(low). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that these variables were significantly correlated with longer survival and had a higher hazard ratio. CONCLUSION: Tumour-infiltrating CD4(+)T(high)/CD8(+)T(high)/%Treg(low) and %M1(high)/M2(low) are independent prognosticators useful for evaluating the immune microenvironment of PDC.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 · Cited by 66,590
Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer
Grivennikov, S. I., Greten, F. R., & Karin, M. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025 · Cited by 10,755
Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation
Mosser, D. M., & Edwards, J. P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2448 · Cited by 9,144
World Health Organization Classification of Tumours
Fletcher, C., van den Berg, A., & Molenaar, I. (2002) · Cited by 7,079
Myeloid-derived-suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system
Gabrilovich, D. I., & Nagaraj, S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2506 · Cited by 6,753
Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas
Sica, A., & Mantovani, A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci59643 · Cited by 6,335
MANTOVANI, A., SOZZANI, S., LOCATI, M., ALLAVENA, P., & SICA, A. (2002) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02302-5 · Cited by 5,528
Siegel, R., Ward, E., Brawley, O., & Jemal, A. (2011) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.20121 · Cited by 4,070
Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm
Biswas, S. K., & Mantovani, A. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1937 · Cited by 3,840
Intratumoral T Cells, Recurrence, and Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Zhang, L., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Katsaros, D., Gimotty, P. A., Massobrio, M., Regnani, G., Makrigiannakis, A., Gray, H., Schlienger, K., Liebman, M. N., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa020177 · Cited by 3,397
Cited by
Pushalkar, S., Hundeyin, M., Daley, D., Zambirinis, C. P., Kurz, E., Mishra, A., Mohan, N., Aykut, B., Usyk, M., Torres, L. E., et al. (2018) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1134 · Cited by 1,400
Zhu, Y., Knolhoff, B. L., Meyer, M. A., Nywening, T. M., West, B. L., Luo, J., Wang-Gillam, A., Goedegebuure, S. P., Linehan, D. C., & DeNardo, D. G. (2014) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3723 · Cited by 1,324
Identification of unique neoantigen qualities in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer
Initiative, A. P. C. G., Balachandran, V. P., Łuksza, M., Zhao, J. N., Makarov, V., Moral, J. A., Remark, R., Herbst, B., Askan, G., Bhanot, U., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24462 · Cited by 1,191
Zhu, Y., Herndon, J. M., Sojka, D. K., Kim, K.-W., Knolhoff, B. L., Zuo, C., Cullinan, D. R., Luo, J., Bearden, A. R., Lavine, K. J., et al. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.014 · Cited by 801
Challenges and Opportunities for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy
Bear, A. S., Vonderheide, R. H., & O'Hara, M. H. (2020) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.08.004 · Cited by 674
Metadata
- Authors
- Ino, Y., Yamazaki-Itoh, R., Shimada, K., Iwasaki, M., Kosuge, T., Kanai, Y., & Hiraoka, N.
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2013-02-05
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 914-923
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- OpenAlex
- W2069169522
- Cited by
- 849
- References
- 33
- FWCI
- 19.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Immune cell infiltration as an indicator of the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/bjc.2013.32
- The paper
- Ino, Y., Yamazaki-Itoh, R., Shimada, K., Iwasaki, M., Kosuge, T., Kanai, Y., & Hiraoka, N. (2013). Immune cell infiltration as an indicator of the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. British Journal of Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.32
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
