TRAF2 is a biologically important necroptosis suppressor
Open accessAbstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) triggers necroptotic cell death through an intracellular signaling complex containing receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and RIPK3, called the necrosome. RIPK1 phosphorylates RIPK3, which phosphorylates the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase-domain-like (MLKL)-driving its oligomerization and membrane-disrupting necroptotic activity. Here, we show that TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-previously implicated in apoptosis suppression-also inhibits necroptotic signaling by TNFα. TRAF2 disruption in mouse fibroblasts augmented TNFα-driven necrosome formation and RIPK3-MLKL association, promoting necroptosis. TRAF2 constitutively associated with MLKL, whereas TNFα reversed this via cylindromatosis-dependent TRAF2 deubiquitination. Ectopic interaction of TRAF2 and MLKL required the C-terminal portion but not the N-terminal, RING, or CIM region of TRAF2. Induced TRAF2 knockout (KO) in adult mice caused rapid lethality, in conjunction with increased hepatic necrosome assembly. By contrast, TRAF2 KO on a RIPK3 KO background caused delayed mortality, in concert with elevated intestinal caspase-8 protein and activity. Combined injection of TNFR1-Fc, Fas-Fc and DR5-Fc decoys prevented death upon TRAF2 KO. However, Fas-Fc and DR5-Fc were ineffective, whereas TNFR1-Fc and interferon α receptor (IFNAR1)-Fc were partially protective against lethality upon combined TRAF2 and RIPK3 KO. These results identify TRAF2 as an important biological suppressor of necroptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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CYLD contributes to necroptosis by deubiquitinating-and hence suppressing anti-necroptotic activity of-TRAF2.
“In this context, CYLD also contributes to necroptosis by deubiquitinating—and hence suppressing the anti-necroptotic activity of—TRAF2 [497].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [497]
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- Authors
- Petersen, S. L., Chen, T. T., Lawrence, D. A., Marsters, S. A., Gonzalvez, F., & Ashkenazi, A.
- Affiliations
- Genentech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ashkenazi, A
- Venue
- Cell Death & Differentiation
- Published
- 2015-04-17
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1846-1857
- ISSN
- 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5403
- PMC
- PMC4648330
- OpenAlex
- W2161706122
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2025-11-07)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Genentech
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- TRAF2, necroptosis, necrosome, TNF signaling, RIPK3, MLKL, RIPK1, deubiquitination, CYLD, caspase-8, TNFR1, Fas, DR5, interferon alpha receptor, hepatocyte death
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fibroblasts, Immunohistochemistry, Protein Binding, Protein Kinases, Cell Death, Apoptosis, Mice, Knockout, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2, Mice, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Ubiquitination
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