Non-apoptotic cell death in animal development

Kutscher, Lena M; Shaham, Shai

doi:10.1038/cdd.2017.20

Cited by 67Cell death mechanisms and regulationDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Non-apoptotic cell death in animal development

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Kutscher, Lena M, Shaham, Shai·2017·Cell Death & Differentiation

DOI 10.1038/cdd.2017.20PMC PMC5520451

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Abstract

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important process in the development of multicellular organisms. Apoptosis, a form of PCD characterized morphologically by chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and cytoplasm compaction, and molecularly by the activation of caspase proteases, has been extensively investigated. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mice, and the developing chick have revealed, however, that developmental PCD also occurs through other mechanisms, morphologically and molecularly distinct from apoptosis. Some non-apoptotic PCD pathways, including those regulating germ cell death in Drosophila, still appear to employ caspases. However, another prominent cell death program, linker cell-type death (LCD), is morphologically conserved, and independent of the key genes that drive apoptosis, functioning, at least in part, through the ubiquitin proteasome system. These non-apoptotic processes may serve as backup programs when caspases are inactivated or unavailable, or, more likely, as freestanding cell culling programs. Non-apoptotic PCD has been documented extensively in the developing nervous system, and during the formation of germline and somatic gonadal structures, suggesting that preservation of these mechanisms is likely under strong selective pressure. Here, we discuss our current understanding of non-apoptotic PCD in animal development, and explore possible roles for LCD and other non-apoptotic developmental pathways in vertebrates. We raise the possibility that during vertebrate development, apoptosis may not be the major PCD mechanism.

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A type of RCD highly reminiscent of lysosome-dependent cell death, dubbed germ cell death, appears to play a critical role in physiological elimination of a fraction of emerging male germ cells at least in D. melanogaster.
“a type of RCD that is highly reminiscent of lysosome-dependent cell death, which has been dubbed “germ cell death”, appears to play a critical role in the physiological elimination of a fraction of emerging male germ cells (at least in D. melanogaster) [753–756].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [756]

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Authors: Kutscher, L. M., & Shaham, S.
Affiliations: Rockefeller University (US)
Corresponding author: Shaham, Shai
ORCID: Kutscher, Lena M
Shaham, Shai
Venue: Cell Death & Differentiation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-02-17
Volume: 24
Issue: 8
Pages: 1326-1336
ISSN: 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
1476-5403
DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.20
PMC: PMC5520451
OpenAlex: W2588238923
Cited by: 67
References: 123
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3
FWCI: 0.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM066699)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS081490)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD078703)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords: non-apoptotic cell death, programmed cell death, caspases, ubiquitin-proteasome system, germ cell death, brain development, gonad development, vertebrate development, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila
MeSH terms: Animals, Chick Embryo, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Ovum, Spermatozoa, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Cell Death, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caspases, Ubiquitin, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Mice

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