Cited by 1,776Skin and Cellular Biology ResearchCell death mechanisms and regulationGenetic and rare skin diseases.

The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin

Candi, Eleonora, Schmidt, Rainer, Melino, Gerry·2005·Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

Abstract

The epidermis functions as a barrier against the environment by means of several layers of terminally differentiated, dead keratinocytes - the cornified layer, which forms the endpoint of epidermal differentiation and death. The cornified envelope replaces the plasma membrane of differentiating keratinocytes and consists of keratins that are enclosed within an insoluble amalgam of proteins, which are crosslinked by transglutaminases and surrounded by a lipid envelope. New insights into the molecular mechanisms and the physiological endpoints of cornification are increasing our understanding of the pathological defects of this unique form of programmed cell death, which is associated with barrier malfunctions and ichthyosis.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrm1619

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Authors
Candi, E., Schmidt, R., & Melino, G.
Affiliations
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
  • L'Oréal (France) (FR)
Corresponding author
Melino, Gerry
Venue
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Published
2005-04
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
328-340
ISSN
  • 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0080
OpenAlex
W2005630031
Cited by
1,776
References
216
Citations by year
2026: 58 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 98
FWCI
5.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
Keywords
cornified envelope, keratinization, keratinocytes, epidermal differentiation, programmed cell death, keratin, transglutaminase cross-linking, skin barrier, ichthyosis, skin barrier dysfunction
MeSH terms
Epidermal Cells, Filaggrin Proteins, Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Epidermis, Humans, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Protein Precursors, Transglutaminases, Substrate Specificity, Apoptosis, Genetic Diseases, Inborn

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