Cited by 748Cell death mechanisms and regulationCellular Mechanics and InteractionsAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

A Nonapoptotic Cell Death Process, Entosis, that Occurs by Cell-in-Cell Invasion

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Overholtzer, Michael, Mailleux, Arnaud A., Mouneimne, Ghassan, Normand, Guillaume, Schnitt, Stuart J., King, Randall W., Cibas, Edmund S., Brugge, Joan S.·2007·Cell

Abstract

Epithelial cells require attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) to suppress an apoptotic cell death program termed anoikis. Here we describe a nonapoptotic cell death program in matrix-detached cells that is initiated by a previously unrecognized and unusual process involving the invasion of one cell into another, leading to a transient state in which a live cell is contained within a neighboring host cell. Live internalized cells are either degraded by lysosomal enzymes or released. We term this cell internalization process entosis and present evidence for entosis as a mechanism underlying the commonly observed "cell-in-cell" cytological feature in human cancers. Further we propose that entosis is driven by compaction force associated with adherens junction formation in the absence of integrin engagement and may represent an intrinsic tumor suppression mechanism for cells that are detached from ECM.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.040

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  • Entosis is a live-cell engulfment pathway occurring between two neighbouring cells, one of which will be actively engulfed by the other to form a cell-in-cell structure.

    “Entosis is a live-cell engulfment pathway occurring between two neighbouring cells, one of which will be actively engulfed by the other to form a ‘cell-in-cell’ structure [35].”
  • Entosis is mainly triggered by detachment of epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix and consequent loss of integrin signaling.

    “Entosis is mainly triggered by the detachment of epithelial cells from the extracellular matrix and consequent loss of integrin signaling [263, 694]”
  • Once engulfed, entotic cells are often eliminated by a RCD subroutine independent of BCL2 proteins and caspases, but relying at least in part on LC3-associated phagocytosis.

    “Once engulfed, entotic cells are often eliminated by a RCD subroutine that occurs independently of BCL2 proteins and caspases [694, 704], but relies (at least in part) on a specific autophagy-related process commonly known as LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) [509, 705, 706].”
  • Abrogation of entosis by a chemical ROCK inhibitor favors anchorage-independent growth of malignant cells.

    “abrogation of entosis by a chemical ROCK inhibitor reportedly favors the anchorage-independent growth of malignant cells [694].”
  • Uptake of entotic cells is an integrin-independent process promoted by formation of junctions between engulfing and entotic cells involving CDH1 and CTNNA1.

    “the uptake of entotic cells is an integrin-independent process promoted by the formation of junctions between engulfing and entotic cells that involve the adhesion proteins cadherin 1 (CDH1; also known as E-cadherin) and catenin alpha 1 (CTNNA1) [694, 699].”

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Authors
Overholtzer, M., Mailleux, A. A., Mouneimne, G., Normand, G., Schnitt, S. J., King, R. W., Cibas, E. S., & Brugge, J. S.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Brugge, Joan S.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-11
Volume
131
Issue
5
Pages
966-979
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2112497627
Cited by
748
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 31
FWCI
8.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (T32-CA 09361, CA 089393, T32CA009361, CA080111, P01CA080111, P50CA089393)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM66492)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
entosis, non-apoptotic cell death, anoikis, extracellular matrix detachment, cellular internalization, lysosomal degradation, adherens junctions, tumor suppression, epithelial cells, tumor cytology
MeSH terms
Actins, Autophagy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Cell Adhesion, Cell Communication, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Lysosomes, Models, Biological, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Cadherins, Apoptosis, rho GTP-Binding Proteins, Adherens Junctions, Myosin Type II, rho-Associated Kinases

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