DNA damage induces reactive oxygen species generation through the H2AX-Nox1/Rac1 pathway
Open accessAbstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) cascade and ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling are both involved in the induction of cell death after DNA damage, but a mechanistic link between these two pathways has not been clearly elucidated. This study demonstrates that ROS induction after treatment of cells with neocarzinostatin (NCS), an ionizing radiation mimetic, is at least partly mediated by increasing histone H2AX. Increased levels of ROS and cell death induced by H2AX overexpression alone or DNA damage leading to H2AX accumulation are reduced by treating cells with the antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), the NADP(H) oxidase (Nox) inhibitor DPI, expression of Rac1N17, and knockdown of Nox1, but not Nox4, indicating that induction of ROS by H2AX is mediated through Nox1 and Rac1 GTPase. H2AX increases Nox1 activity partly by reducing the interaction between a Nox1 activator NOXA1 and its inhibitor 14-3-3zeta. These results point to a novel role of histone H2AX that regulates Nox1-mediated ROS generation after DNA damage.
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Increased H2AX+ signals overlap with p19+ signal around BMAds in both AD mice and old mice.
“Additionally, we observed increased H2AX+ signals, indicative of reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage and repair48,49. The increased H2AX+ signals overlapped with p19+ signal around BMAds in both AD mice (Fig. 3i,k) and old mice (Fig. 3l,n).”
From Serum amyloid P secreted by bone marrow adipocytes drives skeletal amyloidosis (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
The Results section reports H2AX responses to DNA damage and ROS in cultured human cell lines, but does not address p19 signals, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds), AD mice, or old mice. The overlap described in the quoted claim is presented as the citing authors’ own observation, not as a finding from this source. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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“Our results show increased ROS production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in both leukemia and lymphoma cell lines exposed to these drug combinations with a pattern that broadly parallels their effect on cytotoxicity (Figure 5).”
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“NCS induces cell death by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS).(9) We have previously shown that ROS sensitizes glioma cells to chemotherapeutics.”
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“[35] has recently demonstrated that DNA damage induces ROS through overexpression of histone H2AX.”
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- Authors
- Kang, M. A., So, E.-Y., Simons, A. L., Spitz, D. R., & Ouchi, T.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- National University of Health Sciences (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ouchi, T
- Venue
- Cell Death & Disease
- Published
- 2012-01-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e249-e249
- ISSN
- 2041-4889 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3270268
- OpenAlex
- W1983835791
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
- Locations
- Cell Death and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Susan G. Komen
- National Institutes of Health (R01CA90631)
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA90631, R01CA079892, R01CA090631, R01-CA79892, R01CA133114, T32CA078586, K01CA134941)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Keywords
- DNA damage response, reactive oxygen species, histone H2AX, NOX1, Rac1, NADPH oxidase, NOXA1, 14-3-3ζ, neocarzinostatin, ionizing radiation, N-acetylcysteine, DPI, cell death, antioxidants
- MeSH terms
- NADPH Oxidase 1, Acetylcysteine, Antioxidants, Cytotoxins, DNA Damage, Flow Cytometry, Histones, Humans, Zinostatin, Phosphorylation, Plasmids, Transfection, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression, Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species, NADPH Oxidases, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Cell Line, Tumor, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, 14-3-3 Proteins
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