Nut consumption and risk of type II diabetes in the Physicians' Health Study
Open accessAbstract
Background/objectives While type II diabetes (DM) is a major cause of morbidity in the United States, limited data are available on the association between nut intake and incident DM. We sought to examine the association between nut consumption and the risk of DM.Subjects/methods Prospective cohort of 20 224 male participants of the Physicians' Health Study I. Nut consumption was estimated using a 19-item brief food frequency questionnaire, and incident DM was ascertained through yearly follow-up questionnaires. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks of DM.Results The average age of the study participants was 54.4+/-9.4 years (range: 40.7-87.1). During a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, 1828 cases of DM occurred. The crude incidence rates of DM were 4.82, 4.85, 4.92, 4.16, 4.29 and 3.32 cases per 1000 person-years for individuals reporting nut consumption of rarely/never, <1, 1, 2-4, 5-6 and 7+ servings per week, respectively. While nut consumption was associated with a lower risk of DM in a model adjusted for age (P for tend 0.017), such relation was attenuated on additional control for other confounders (multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for DM were 1.0 (reference), 1.06 (0.93-1.20), 1.10 (0.95-1.26), 0.97 (0.82-1.14), 0.99 (0.76-1.30) and 0.87 (0.61-1.24) from the lowest to the highest category of nut consumption, respectively (P for trend 0.99). No statistically significant association between nut consumption and DM was found in either lean or overweight/obese participants.Conclusions Our data do not show an association between nut consumption and incident DM in US male physicians.
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Reports from large prospective studies suggest that usual nut intake relates inversely to future diabetes risk in women but not in men.
“Regarding nuts, reports from large prospective studies suggest that usual intake relates inversely to future diabetes risk in women ( 20 ) but not in men ( 21 ).”
From Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes With the Mediterranean Diet (2011) · cites this paper as [21]
The Discussion reports no association between nut consumption and incident diabetes in apparently healthy US male physicians, and the Results show no statistically significant association after multivariable adjustment. This supports the citation’s point about the men studied, but the Discussion cautions against generalizing the finding beyond physicians, so it does not establish the claim for men generally. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Kochar, J., Gaziano, J. M., & Djoussé, L.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Djoussé, L
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2009-09-16
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-79
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- PMC
- PMC2802656
- OpenAlex
- W1993522719
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-34595, HL 26490, R01 HL026490, R01HL034595)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA040360, CA 34944, R01 CA034944, CA-097193, R01CA097193, CA 40360)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- nut consumption, type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk, new-onset diabetes, dietary intake, male physicians, overweight and obesity, Physicians' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diet Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Nuts, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models
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