CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 773Nuts composition and effectsNutritional Studies and DietFatty Acid Research and Health

Health Benefits of Nut Consumption

Open access
Ros, Emilio·2010·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu2070652PMC PMC3257681
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are nutrient dense foods with complex matrices rich in unsaturated fatty and other bioactive compounds: high-quality vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to beneficially impact health outcomes. Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and gallstones in both genders and diabetes in women. Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension, cancer, and inflammation. Interventional studies consistently show that nut intake has a cholesterol-lowering effect, even in the context of healthy diets, and there is emerging evidence of beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular reactivity. Blood pressure, visceral adiposity and the metabolic syndrome also appear to be positively influenced by nut consumption. Thus it is clear that nuts have a beneficial impact on many cardiovascular risk factors. Contrary to expectations, epidemiologic studies and clinical trials suggest that regular nut consumption is unlikely to contribute to obesity and may even help in weight loss. Safety concerns are limited to the infrequent occurrence of nut allergy in children. In conclusion, nuts are nutrient rich foods with wide-ranging cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, which can be readily incorporated into healthy diets.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/nu2070652

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 133

  1. [1]Fraser G.E. Sabaté J. Beeson W.L Strahan T.M. A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. The Adventist Health Study Arch. Intern. Med. 1992 152 1416 1424 1627021
  2. [2]Sabaté J. Fraser G.E. Burke K. Knutsen S.F. Bennett H. Lindsted K.D. Effects of walnuts on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in normal men N. Engl. J. Med. 1993 328 603 607 8357360
  3. [3]Sabaté J. Salas-Salvadó J. Ros E. Nuts, nutrition and health outcomes Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S1 S102 17125527
  4. [4]King J.C. Rechkemmer G. Geiger C.J. Supplement: 2007 Nuts and Health Symposium J. Nutr. 2008 138 1734S 1765S 18716177
  5. [5]Brufau G. Boatella J. Rafecas M. Nuts, source of energy and macronutrients Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S24 S28 17125529
  6. [6]Ros E. Mataix J. Fatty acid composition of nuts. Implications for cardiovascular health Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S29 S35 10.1017/BJN20061861 17125530 · DOI
  7. [7]Eaton S.B. Konner M. Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications N. Engl. J. Med. 1985 312 283 289 10.1056/NEJM198501313120505 2981409 · DOI
  8. [8]Dreher M.L. Maher C.V. Kearney P. The traditional and emerging role of nuts in healthful diets Nutr. Rev. 1996 54 241 245 8961751
  9. [9]Sabaté J. Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999 70 500S 503S 10479222
  10. [10]Hu F.B. Willett W.C. Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2002 288 2569 2578 12444864
  11. [13]Nash S.D. Nash D.T. Nuts as part of a healthy cardiovascular diet Curr. Atheroscler. Rev. 2008 10 529 535 18937902
  12. [16]Sabaté J. Angt Y. Nuts and health outcomes, new epidemiologic evidence Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 89 1643S 1648S 19321572
  13. [17]Feldman E.B. The scientific evidence for a beneficial health relationship between walnuts and coronary heart disease J. Nutr. 2002 132 1062S 1101S 11983840
  14. [18]Mukuddem-Petersen J. Oosthuizen W. Jerling J. A systematic review of the effects of nuts on blood lipid profiles in humans J. Nutr. 2005 135 2082 2089 16140880
  15. [19]Griel A.E. Kris-Etherton P.M. Tree nuts and the lipid profile, a review of clinical studies Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S68 S78 17125536
  16. [20]Coates A.M. Howe P.R. Edible nuts and metabolic health Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2007 18 25 30 17218828
  17. [22]López-Uriarte P. Bulló M. Casas-Agustench P. Babio N. Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts and oxidation, a systematic review Nutr. Rev. 2009 67 497 508 19703258
  18. [23]Salas-Salvadó J. Bulló M. Pérez-Heras A. Ros E. Dietary fibre, nuts and cardiovascular disease Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S45 S51 17125533
  19. [24]Segura R. Javierre C. Lizarraga M.A. Ros E. Other relevant components of nuts, phytosterols, folate and mineral Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S36 S44 17125532
  20. [25]Blomhoff R. Carlsen M.H. Frost Andersen L. Jacobs D.R. Jr. Health benefits of nuts, potential role of antioxidants Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S52 S60 17125534
  21. [26]Rajaram S. Sabaté J. Nuts, body weight and insulin resistance Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S79 S86 17125537
  22. [27]Mattes R.D. Kris-Etherton P.M. Foster G.D. Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults J. Nutr. 2008 138 1741S 1745S 18716179
  23. [28]Exler J. Weihrauch J.L. Provisional Table on the Content of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Other Fat Components in Selected Foods US Department of Agriculture Washington, DC, USA 1986 Publication HNIS/PT-103 3711560
  24. [29]Huynh N.N. Chin-Dusting J. Amino acids, arginase and nitric oxide in vascular health Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2006 33 1 8 16445692
  25. [30]Welch G.N. Loscalzo J. Homocysteine and atherothrombosis N. Engl. J. Med. 1998 338 1042 1050 9535670
  26. [31]Wagner K.H. Kamal-Eldin A. Elmadfa I.U. Gamma-tocopherol - An underestimated vitamin? Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2004 48 169 188 10.1159/000079555 15256801 · DOI
  27. [32]Milbury P.E. Chen C.Y. Dolnikowski G.G. Blumberg J.B. Determination of flavonoids and phenolics and their distribution in almonds J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006 54 5027 5033 16819912
  28. [33]Chen C.Y. Milbury P.E. Lapsley K. Blumberg J.B. Flavonoids from almond skins are bioavailable and act synergistically with vitamins C and E to enhance hamster and human LDL resistance to oxidation J. Nutr. 2005 135 1366 1373 15930439
  29. [34]Lou H. Yuan H. Ma B. Ren D. Ji M. Oka S. Polyphenols from peanut skins and their free radical-scavenging effects Phytochemistry 2004 65 2391 2399 15381013
  30. [35]Seeram N.P. Zhang Y. Henning S.M. Lee R. Niu Y. Lin G. Heber D. Pistachio skin phenolics are destroyed by bleaching resulting in reduced antioxidative capacities J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006 54 7036 7040 16968060
  31. [36]Garrido I. Monagas M. Gómez-Cordovés C. Bartolomé B. Polyphenols and antioxidant properties of almond skins: influence of industrial processing Food. Chem. 2008 73 C106 C115 18298714
  32. [38]Ostlund R.E. Jr. Phytosterols in human nutrition Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2002 22 533 549 12055357
  33. [39]Cordain L. Eaton S.B. Sebastian A. Mann N. Lindeberg S. Watkins B.A. O’Keefe J.H. Brand-Miller J. Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005 81 341 354 15699220
  34. [40]Jacobs D.Rr Jr. Gross M.D. Tapsell L.C. Food synergy: an operational concept for understanding nutrition Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 89 1543 1548 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736B 19279083 PMC2731586 · DOI
  35. [41]Hu F.B. Stampfer M.J. Manson J.E. Rimm E.B. Colditz G.A. Rosner B.A. Speizer F.E. Hennekens C.H. Willett W.C. Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Prospective cohort study Br. Med. J. 1998 317 1341 1345 9812929 PMC28714
  36. [42]Kushi L.H. Folsom A.R. Prineas R.J. Mink P.J. Wu Y. Bostick R.M. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women N. Engl. J. Med. 1996 334 1156 1162 8602181
  37. [43]Albert C.M. Gaziano J.M. Willett W.C. Manson J.E. Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians' Health Study Arch. Intern. Med. 2002 162 1382 1387 12076237
  38. [44]Li T.Y. Brennan A.M. Wedick N.M. Mantzoros C. Rifai N. Hu F.B. Regular consumption of nuts is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes J. Nutr. 2009 139 1333 1338 19420347 PMC2696988
  39. [45]Jiang R. Jacobs D.R. Jr Mayer-Davis E. Szklo M. Herrington D. Jenny N.S. Kronmal R. Barr R.G. Nut and seed consumption and inflammatory markers in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Am. J. Epidemiol. 2006 163 222 231 16357111
  40. [46]Mantzoros C.S. Williams C.J. Manson J.E. Meigs J.B. Hu F.B. Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern is positively associated with plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetic women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006 84 328 335 16895879
  41. [48]Jiang R. Manson J.E. Stampfer M.J. Liu S. Willett W.C. Hu F.B. Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2002 288 2554 2560 12444862
  42. [49]Parker E.D. Harnack L.J. Folsom A.R. Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2003 290 38 39 12837708
  43. [50]Villegas R. Gao Y.T. Yang G. Li H.L. Elasy T.A. Zheng W. Shu X.O. Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai Women Health Study Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008 87 162 167 18175751 PMC2361384
  44. [52]Djoussé L. Rudich T. Gaziano J.M. Nut consumption and risk of hypertension in US male physicians Clin. Nutr. 2009 28 10 14 18834651 PMC2640451
  45. [53]Martínez-Lapiscina E.H. Pimenta A.M. Beunza J.J. Bes-Rastrollo M. Martínez J.A. Martínez-González M.A. Nut consumption and incidence of hypertension: The SUN prospective cohort Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 19683907
  46. [54]Djoussé L. Gaziano J.M. Kase C.S. Kurth T. Nut consumption and risk of stroke in US male physicians Clin. Nutr. 2010 [Epub ahead of print] 20381933 PMC2919604
  47. [55]Djoussé L. Rudich T. Gaziano J.M. Nut consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians’ Health Study I Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008 88 930 933 18842778 PMC2574424
  48. [56]Gonzalez C.A. Salas-Salvadó J. The potential of nuts in the prevention of cancer Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S87 S94 17125538
  49. [57]Mills P.K. Beeson W.L. Phillips R.L. Fraser G.E. Cohort study of diet, lifestyle and prostate cancer in Adventist men Cancer 1989 64 598 604 2743254
  50. [58]Heilbrun L.K. Nomura A. Hankin J.H. Stemmermann G.N. Diet and colorectal cancer with special reference to fiber intake Int. J. Cancer 1989 44 1 6 2545631
  51. [59]Singh P.N. Fraser G.E. Dietary risk factors for colon cancer in a low-risk population Am. J. Epidemiol. 1998 148 761 774 9786231
  52. [60]Petridou E. Kedikoglou S. Koukoulomatis P. Dessypris N. Trichopoulos D. Diet in relation to endometrial cancer risk: a case control study in Greece Nutr. Cancer 2002 44 16 22 10.1207/S15327914NC441_3 12672637 · DOI
  53. [61]Jenab M. Ferrari P. Slimani N. Norat T. Casagrande C. Overad K. Olsen A. Stripp C. Tjønneland A. Boutron-Ruault M.C. Clavel-Chapelon F. Kesse E. Nieters A. Bergmann M. Boeing H. Naska A. Trichopoulou A. Palli D. Krogh V. Celentano E. Tumino R. Sacerdote C. Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B. Ocké M.C. Peeters P.H. Engeset D. Quirós J.R. González C.A. Martínez C. Chirlaque M.D. Ardanaz E. Dorronsoro M. Wallström P. Palmqvist R. Van Guelpen B. Bingham S. San Joaquin M.A. Saracci R. Kaaks R. Riboli E. Association of nut and seed intake with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2004 13 1595 1603 15466975
  54. [62]Yeh C.C. You S.L. Chen C.J. Sung F.C. Peanut consumption and reduced risk of colorectal cancer in women: A prospective study in Taiwan World J. Gastroenterol. 2006 12 222 227 16482621 PMC4066030
  55. [63]Tsai C.Y. Leitzmann M.F. Hu F.B. Willett W.C. Giovannucci E.L. Frequent nut consumption and decreased risk of cholecystectomy in women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004 80 76 81 15213031
  56. [64]Spaccarotella K.J. Kris-Etherton P.M. Stone W.L. Bagshaw D.M. Fishell V.K. West S.G. Lawrence F.R. Hartman T.J. The effect of walnut intake on factors related to prostate and vascular health in older men Nutr. J. 2008 7 13 18454862 PMC2412899
  57. [65]Carvalho M. Ferreira P.J. Mendes V.S. Silva R. Pereira J.A. Jerónimo C. Silva B.M. Human cancer cell antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regia L Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010 48 441 447 19883717
  58. [66]Hardman W.E. Ion G. Suppression of implanted MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer growth in nude mice by dietary walnut Nutr. Cancer 2008 60 666 674 18791931
  59. [67]Tsai C.Y. Leitzmann M.F. Hu F.B. Willett W.C. Giovannucci E.L. A prospective cohort study of nut consumption and the risk of gallstone disease in men Am. J. Epidemiol. 2004 160 961 968 15522852
  60. [68]Strate L.L. Liu Y.L. Syngal S. Aldoori W.H. Giovannucci E.L. Nut, corn, and popcorn consumption and the incidence of diverticular disease J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2008 300 907 914 PMC2643269 18728264
  61. [70]Banel D.K. Hu F.B. Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis and systematic review Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 90 56 63 19458020 PMC2696995
  62. [71]Rajaram S. Haddad E.H. Mejia A. Sabaté J. Walnuts and fatty fish influence different serum lipid fractions in normal to mildly hyperlipidemic individuals: a randomized controlled study Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 89 1657S 1663S 19339404
  63. [72]Torabian S. Haddad E. Cordero-MacIntyre Z. Tanzman J. Fernandez M.L. Sabaté J. Long-term walnut supplementation without dietary advice induces favorable serum lipid changes in free-living individuals Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010 64 274 279 20087377
  64. [73]Tapsell L.C. Batterham M.J. Teuss G. Tan S.Y. Dalton S. Quick C.J. Gillen L.J. Charlton K.E. Long-term effects of increased dietary polyunsaturated fat from walnuts on metabolic parameters in type II diabetes Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 63 1008 1015 19352378
  65. [75]Jenkins D.J. Kendall C.W. Marchie A. Josse A.R. Nguyen T.H. Faulkner D.A. Lapsley K.G. Blumberg J. Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects J. Nutr. 2008 138 908 913 18424600
  66. [76]Mercanligil S.M. Arslan P. Alasalvar C. Okut E. Akgül E. Pinar E. Geyik P.O. Tokgözoğlu L. Shahidi F. Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007 61 212 220 16969381
  67. [77]Gebauer S.K. West S.G. Kay C.D. Alaupovic P. Bagshaw D. Kris-Etherton P.M. Effects of pistachios on cardiovascular disease risk factors and potential mechanisms of action, a dose-response study Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008 88 651 659 18779280
  68. [78]Griel A.E. Cao Y. Bagshaw D.D. Cifelli A.M. Holub B. Kris-Etherton P.M. A macadamia nut-rich diet reduces total and LDL-cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women J. Nutr. 2008 138 761 767 18356332
  69. [79]Lokko P. Lartey A. Armar-Klemesu M. Mattes R.D. Regular peanut consumption improves plasma lipid levels in healthy Ghanaians Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2007 58 190 200 17514537
  70. [80]Estruch R. Martínez-González M.A. Corella D. Salas-Salvadó J. Ruiz-Gutiérrez V. Covas M.I. Fiol M. Gómez-Gracia E. López-Sabater M.C. Vinyoles E. Arós F. Conde M. Lahoz C. Lapetra J. Sáez G. Ros E. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors. A randomized trial Ann. Intern. Med. 2006 145 1 11 on behalf of the PREDIMED Study Investigators 16818923
  71. [81]Mukuddem-Petersen J. Stonehouse W. Jerling J.C. Hanekom S.M. White Z. Effects of a high walnut and high cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome, a controlled feeding trial Br. J. Nutr. 2007 97 1144 1153 17381974
  72. [82]Casas-Agustench P. López-Uriarte P. Bulló M. Ros E. Cabré-Vila J.J. Salas-Salvadó J. Effects of one serving of mixed nuts on serum lipids, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with the metabolic syndrome Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2009 [Epub ahead of print] 20031380
  73. [83]Lefevre M. Champagne C.M. Tulley R.T. Rood J.C. Most M.M. Individual variability in cardiovascular disease risk factor responses to low-fat and low-saturated-fat diets in men: body mass index, adiposity, and insulin resistance predict changes in LDL cholestero Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005 82 957 963 16280425
  74. [84]Knopp R.H. Retzlaff B. Fish B. Walden C. Wallick S. Anderson M. Aikawa K. Kahn S.E. Effects of insulin resistance and obesity on lipoproteins and sensitivity to egg feeding Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003 23 1437 1443 12816878
  75. [85]Hannah J.S. Jablonshki K.A. Howard B.V. The relationship between weight and response to cholesterol lowering diets in women Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 1997 21 445 450 9192227
  76. [86]Jansen A. Lopez-Miranda J. Salas J. Castro P. Paniagua J.A. Lopez-Segura F. Ordovas J.M. Jimenez-Pereperez J.A. Blanco A. Perez-Jimenez F. Plasma lipid response to hypolipidemic diets in young health non-obese men varies with body mass index J. Nutr. 1998 128 1144 1149 9649598
  77. [87]Denke M.A. Adams-Huet B. Nguyen A.T. Individual cholesterol variation in response to a margarine- or butter-based diet A study in families. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2000 284 2740 2747 11105179
  78. [88]Simonen P. Gylling H. Howard A.N. Miettinen T.A. Introducing a new component of the metabolic syndrome: low cholesterol absorption Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000 72 82 88 10871565
  79. [89]Pihlajamäki J. Gylling H. Miettinen T.A. Laakso M. Insulin resistance is associated with increased cholesterol synthesis and decreased cholesterol absorption in normoglycemic men J. Lipid Res. 2004 45 507 512 14657199
  80. [90]Mensink R.P. Katan M.B. Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials Arterioscler. Thromb. 1992 12 911 919 10.1161/01.ATV.12.8.911 1386252 · DOI · Paper page
  81. [91]Escurriol V. Cofán M. Serra M. Bulló M. Basora J. Salas-Salvadó J. Corella D. Zazpe I. Martínez-González M.A. Ruiz-Gutiérrez V Estruch R. Ros E. Serum sterol responses to increasing plant sterol intake from natural foods in the Mediterranean diet Eur. J. Nutr. 2009 48 373 382 19412676
  82. [92]Lovejoy J.C. Most M.M. Lefevre M. Greenway F.L. Rood J.C. Effect of diets enriched in almonds on insulin action and serum lipids in adults with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002 76 1000 1006 12399271
  83. [93]Scott L.W. Balasubramanyam A. Kimball K.T. Aherns A.K. Fordis C.M. JR Ballantyne C.M. Long-term, randomized clinical trial of two diets in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2003 26 2481 2482 10.2337/diacare.26.8.2481 12882894 · DOI
  84. [94]Tapsell L.C. Gillen L.J. Patch C.S. Batterham M. Owen A. Baré M. Kennedy M. Including walnuts in a low-fat/modified-fat diet improves HDL cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 2004 27 2777 2783 15562184
  85. [95]Jenkins D.J. Kendall C.W. Marchie A. Josse A.R. Nguyen T.H. Faulkner D.A. Lapsley K.G. Singer W. Effect of almonds on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic subjects: a randomized controlled crossover trial Metabolism 2008 57 882 887 18555827
  86. [96]Wien M.A. Sabaté J.M. Iklé D.N. Cole S.E. Kandeel F.R. Almonds vs. complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2003 7 1365 1372 Erratum in: Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2004, 28, 459 14574348
  87. [97]Pieters M. Oosthuizen W. Jerling J.C. Loots D.T. Mukuddem-Petersen J. Hanekom S.M. Clustering of haemostatic variables and the effect of high cashew and walnut diets on these variables in metabolic syndrome patients Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 2005 16 429 437 16093734
  88. [98]Brennan A.M. Sweeney L.L. Liu X Mantzoros C.S. Walnut consumption increases satiation but has no effect on insulin resistance or the metabolic profile over a 4-day period Obesity(Silver Spring) 2010 18 1176 1182 19910942 PMC2998344
  89. [99]Jenkins D.J. Kendall C.W. Josse A.R. Salvatore S. Brighenti F. Augustin L.S. Ellis P.R. Vidgen E. Rao A.V. lmonds decrease postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and oxidative damage in healthy individuals J. Nutr. 2006 136 2987 2992 17116708
  90. [101]Reiter R.J. Manchester L.C. Tan D.X. Melatonin in walnuts: Influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood Nutrition 2005 21 920 924 15979282
  91. [102]Reaven P.D. Witzum J.L. Oxidized low density lipoproteins in atherogenesis: role of dietary modification Ann. Rev. Nutr. 1996 16 51 71 8839919
  92. [103]Cortés B. Núñez I. Cofán M. Gilabert R. Pérez-Heras A. Casals E. Deulofeu R. Ros E. Acute effects of high-fat meals enriched with walnuts or olive oil on postprandial endothelial function in healthy subjects and patients with hypercholesterolemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006 48 1666 1671 17045905
  93. [104]Berry S.E. Tydeman E.A. Lewis H.B. Phalora R. Rosborough J. Picout J.R. Ellis P.R. Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human subjects Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008 88 922 929 18842777
  94. [105]Torabian S. Haddad E. Rajaram S. Banta J. Sabaté J. Acute effect of nut consumption on plasma total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation J. Hum. Nutr. Diet 2009 22 64 71 19192028
  95. [107]López-Uriarte P. Nogués R. Saez G. Bulló M. Romeu M. Masana L. Tormos C. Casas-Agustench P. Salas-Salvadó J. Effect of nut consumption on oxidative stress and the endothelial function in metabolic syndrome Clin. Nutr. 2010 29 373 380 20064680
  96. [108]Rahman I. Biswas S.K. Kirkham P.A. Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols Biochem. Pharmacol. 2006 72 1439 1452 16920072
  97. [109]Zhao G. Etherton T.D. Martin K.R. West S.G. Gillies P.J. Kris-Etherton P.M. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces inflammatory and lipid cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men and women J. Nutr. 2004 134 2991 2997 15514264
  98. [110]Zhao G. Etherton T.D. Martin K.R. Gillies P.J. West S.G. Kris-Etherton P.M. Dietary α-linolenic acid inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004 85 385 391 17284733
  99. [111]Papoutsi Z. Kassi E. Chinou I. Halabalaki M. Skaltsounis L.A. Moutsatsou P. Walnut extract (Juglans regia L.) and its component ellagic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in human aorta endothelial cells and osteoblastic activity in the cell line KS483 Br. J. Nutr. 2008 99 715 722 17916277
  100. [112]Karlsson S. Nånberg E. Fjaeraa C. Wijkander J. Ellagic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in human monocytes Br. J. Nutr. 2010 103 1102 1109 19948080
  101. [113]Ros E. Núñez I. Pérez-Heras A. Serra M. Gilabert R. Casals E. Deulofeu R. A walnut diet improves endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects Circulation 2004 109 1609 1614 15037535
  102. [114]Rajaram S. Connell K.M. Sabaté J. Effect of almond-enriched high-monounsaturated fat diet on selected markers of inflammation: a randomised, controlled, crossover study Br. J. Nutr. 2010 103 907 912 19874636
  103. [115]Jiménez-Gómez Y. López-Miranda J. Blanco-Colio L.M. Marín C. Pérez-Martínez P. Ruano J. Paniagua J.A. Rodríguez F. Egido J. Pérez-Jiménez F. Olive oil and walnut breakfasts reduce the postprandial inflammatory response in mononuclear cells compared with a butter breakfast in healthy men Atherosclerosis 2009 204 e70 e76 18952211
  104. [118]Brown A.A. Hu F.B. Dietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001 73 673 686 11273841
  105. [119]West S.G. Effect of diet on vascular reactivity: an emerging marker for vascular risk Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2001 3 446 455 11602064
  106. [120]Sanderson P. Olthof M. Grimble R.F. Calder P.C. Griffin B.A. de Roos N.M. Belch J.J. Muller D.P. Vita J.A. Dietary lipids and vascular function: UK Food Standards Agency workshop report Br. J. Nutr. 2004 91 491 500 15005836
  107. [121]De Koning E.J.P. Rabelink T.J. Endothelial function in the postprandial state Atherosclerosis Suppl. 2002 3 11 16 12044580
  108. [122]Kay C.D. Kris-Etherton P.M. West S.G. Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on vascular reactivity: review of the clinical evidence Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2006 8 510 522 17045078
  109. [123]Vita J.A. Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: effects on endothelial and platelet function Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005 81 292S 297S 15640493
  110. [124]Gornik H.L. Creager M.A. Arginine and endothelial and vascular health J. Nutr. 2004 134 2880S 2887S 15465805
  111. [126]Sari I. Baltaci Y. Bagci C. Davutoglu V. Erel O. Celik H. Ozer O. Aksoy N. Aksoy M. Effect of pistachio diet on lipid parameters, endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidative status: a prospective study Nutrition 2010 26 399 404 19647416
  112. [127]Davis P. Valacchi G. Pagnin E. Shao Q. Gross H.B. Calo L. Yokoyama W. Walnuts reduce aortic ET-1 mRNA levels in hamsters fed a high-fat, atherogenic diet J. Nutr. 2006 136 428 432 16424123
  113. [128]Barceló F. Perona J.S. Prades J. Funari S.S. Gómez-Gracia E. Conde M. Estruch R. Ruiz-Gutiérrez V. Mediterranean-style diet effect on the structural properties of the erythrocyte cell membrane of hypertensive patients: the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea Study Hypertension 2009 54 1143 1150 19805640
  114. [129]Molyneux R.J. Mahoney N. Kim J.H. Campbell B.C. Mycotoxins in edible tree nuts Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007 119 72 78 17719114
  115. [130]Dorner J.W. Management and prevention of mycotoxins in peanuts Food Addit. Contam. Part A Chem. Anal. Control Expo. Risk Assess 2008 25 203 208 18286410
  116. [131]Bes-Rastrollo M. Sabaté J. Gomez-Gracia E. Alonso A. Martinez J.A. Martinez-Gonzalez M.A. Nut consumption and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN Study Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007 15 107 116 17228038
  117. [132]Bes-Rastrollo M. Wedick N.M. Martinez-Gonzalez M.A. Li T.Y. Sampson L. Hu F.B. Prospective study of nut consumption, long-term weight change, and obesity risk in women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 89 1913 1919 19403639 PMC2683001
  118. [133]Casas-Agustench P. Bulló M. Ros E. Basora J. Salas-Salvadó J. on behalf of the Nureta-PREDIMED investigators. Cross-sectional association of nut intake with adiposity in a Mediterranean population Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2010 [Epub ahead of print] 20219336
  119. [135]Alper C.M. Mattes R.D. Effects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics Int. J. Obesity Relat. Metab. Disord. 2002 26 1129 1137 12119580
  120. [136]Fraser G.E. Bennett H.W. Jaceldo K.B. Sabaté J. Effect on body weight of a free 76 Kilojoule (320 calorie) daily supplement of almonds for six months J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2002 21 275 283 12074256
  121. [137]Sabaté J. Cordero-Macintyre Z. Siapco G. Torabian S. Haddad E. Does regular walnut consumption lead to weight gain? Br. J. Nutr. 2005 94 859 864 10.1079/BJN20051567 16277792 · DOI
  122. [138]Hollis J. Mattes R. Effect of chronic consumption of almonds on body weight in healthy humans Br. J. Nutr. 2007 98 651 656 17445351
  123. [140]Wien M.A. Sabaté J. Iklé D.N. Cole S.E. Kandeel F.R. Almonds vs. complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program Int. J. Obesity Relat. Metab. Disord. 2003 7 1365 1372 14574348
  124. [141]Jaceldo-Siegl K. Sabaté J. Rajaram S. Fraser G.E. Long-term almond supplementation without advice on food replacement induces favourable nutrient modifications to the habitual diets of free-living individuals Br. J. Nutr. 2004 92 533 540 15469659
  125. [142]Casas-Agustench P. López-Uriarte P. Bulló M. Ros E. Gómez-Flores A. Salas-Salvadó J. Acute effects of high-fat meals on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and satiety: polyunsaturated (walnuts) vs. monounsaturated (virgin olive oil) vs. saturated (fat-rich dairy products) fatty acids Clin. Nutr. 2009 28 39 45 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.10.008 19010571 · DOI
  126. [143]Ellis P.R. Kendall C.W. Ren Y. Parker C. Pacy J.F. Waldron K.W. Jenkins D.J. Role of cell walls in the bioaccessibility of lipids in almond seeds Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004 80 604 613 15321799
  127. [144]Cassady B.A. Hollis J.H. Fulford A.D. Considine R.V. Mattes R.D. Mastication of almonds: effects of lipid bioaccessibility, appetite, and hormone respons Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009 89 794 800 19144727
  128. [145]Crespo J.F. James J.M. Fernandez-Rodriguez C. Rodriguez J. Food allergy: nuts and tree nuts Br. J. Nutr. 2006 96 S95 S102 17125539
  129. [146]Zuidmeer L. Goldhahn K. Rona R.J. Gislason D. Madsen C. Summers C. Sodergren E. Dahlstrom J. Lindner T. Sigurdardottir S.T. McBride D. Keil T. The prevalence of plant food allergies: A systematic review J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2008 121 1210 1218 18378288
  130. [147]Summers C.W. Pumphrey R.S. Woods C.N. McDowell G. Pemberton P.W. Arkwright P.D. Factors predicting anaphylaxis to peanuts and tree nuts in patients referred to a specialist center J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2008 121 632 638 18207562
  131. [148]Sabaté J. The contribution of vegetarian diets to health and disease: a paradigm shift? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003 78 S502 S507 12936940
  132. [149]Sofi F. Cesari F. Abbate R. Gensini G.F. Casini A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis Br. Med. J. 2008 337 a1344 18786971 PMC2533524
  133. [150]Mente A. de Koning L. Shannon H.S. Anand S.S. A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease Arch. Intern. Med. 2009 169 659 669 19364995

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ros, E.
Affiliations
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
Corresponding author
Ros, Emilio
ORCID
Ros, Emilio
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2010-06-24
Volume
2
Issue
7
Pages
652-682
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu2070652
PMC
PMC3257681
OpenAlex
W2147850044
Cited by
773
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 47 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
FWCI
1.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
nut consumption, tree nuts, groundnut, cardiovascular health, coronary artery disease, cholesterol lowering, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, weight loss, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, gallstones, nut allergy, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, tocopherols, dietary fiber
MeSH terms
Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Lipids, Male, Neoplasms, Nutritive Value, Nuts, Obesity, Arachis, Risk, Weight Gain, Nut Hypersensitivity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review