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Cited by 226Nuts composition and effectsFood composition and propertiesNatural Antidiabetic Agents Studies

Almonds Decrease Postprandial Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Oxidative Damage in Healthy Individuals

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Jenkins, David J. A, Kendall, Cyril W. C, Josse, Andrea R, Salvatore, Sara, Brighenti, Furio, Augustin, Livia S. A, Ellis, Peter R, Vidgen, Edward +1 more·2006·The Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/jn/136.12.2987
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Abstract

Strategies that decrease postprandial glucose excursions, including digestive enzyme inhibition, and low glycemic index diets result in lower diabetes incidence and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, possibly through lower postprandial oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. We therefore assessed the effect of decreasing postprandial glucose excursions on measures of oxidative damage. Fifteen healthy subjects ate 2 bread control meals and 3 test meals: almonds and bread; parboiled rice; and instant mashed potatoes, balanced in carbohydrate, fat, and protein, using butter and cheese. We obtained blood samples at baseline and for 4 h postprandially. Glycemic indices for the rice (38 +/- 6) and almond meals (55 +/- 7) were less than for the potato meal (94 +/- 11) (P < 0.003), as were the postprandial areas under the insulin concentration time curve (P < 0.001). No postmeal treatment differences were seen in total antioxidant capacity. However, the serum protein thiol concentration increased following the almond meal (15 +/- 14 mmol/L), indicating less oxidative protein damage, and decreased after the control bread, rice, and potato meals (-10 +/- 8 mmol/L), when data from these 3 meals were pooled (P = 0.021). The change in protein thiols was also negatively related to the postprandial incremental peak glucose (r = -0.29, n = 60 observations, P = 0.026) and peak insulin responses (r = -0.26, n = 60 observations, P = 0.046). Therefore, lowering postprandial glucose excursions may decrease the risk of oxidative damage to proteins. Almonds are likely to lower this risk by decreasing the glycemic excursion and by providing antioxidants. These actions may relate to mechanisms by which nuts are associated with a decreased risk of CHD.

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  • Epidemiologic studies consistently indicate that eating nuts at least five times per week reduces coronary artery disease and diabetes risks by 20% to 50%.

    “Epidemiologic studies consistently indicate that consumption of nuts at least 5 times per week will reduce CAD and diabetes risks by 20% to 50% (29).”

    From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [29]

    The Introduction and Discussion report that cohort studies associated nut consumption with lower coronary heart disease risk. They do not report a reduction in diabetes risk, a threshold of five times per week, or a 20%–50% reduction. The citing sentence also turns an observational association into a causal prediction. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Nuts decrease meal-induced oxidative protein damage because they lower postprandial oxidative stress and provide antioxidants.

    “Importantly, nuts also decrease meal-induced oxidative protein damage because they lower post-prandial oxidative stress and additionally provide antioxidants (29).”

    From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [29]

    The Results report less postprandial protein damage after an almond meal in 15 healthy subjects, and the Discussion links this to lower glycemic responses. The Discussion says almond antioxidants may also have contributed, but does not establish that mechanism. The claim extends the almond finding to nuts generally and presents the proposed mechanisms as established causes. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. National Nutrition Committee, CDA. Guidelines for the nutritional management of diabetes mellitus in the new millennium: a position statement by the Canadian Diabetes Association. Can J Diabetes Care. 1999;23:56-69.
  2. Perlstein R, Willcox J, Hines C, Milosavljevic M. Glycemic index in diabetes management. Austral J Nutr Dietet. 1997;54:57-63.
  3. Brown LRB, Willett C, Sacks F. Nut consumption and risk of recurrent coronary heart disease. FASEB J. 1999;13:A538.
  4. Wolever TM. The glycemic index. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1990;62:120-85.

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Authors
Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Josse, A. R., Salvatore, S., Brighenti, F., Augustin, L. S. A., Ellis, P. R., Vidgen, E., & Rao, A. V.
Affiliations
  • St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
  • University of Parma (IT)
  • University of London (GB)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Jenkins, David J. A
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-12
Volume
136
Issue
12
Pages
2987-2992
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/jn/136.12.2987
OpenAlex
W2118705731
Cited by
226
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
FWCI
8.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Almond Board of California
  • Australian Government
  • Government of Canada
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Keywords
almond, postprandial blood glucose, insulin levels, oxidative stress, protein thiols, glycemic index, parboiled rice, mashed potatoes, coronary heart disease risk, dietary antioxidants
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Insulin, Male, Reference Values, Body Mass Index, Oxidative Stress, Postprandial Period, Prunus

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