Periodontal conditions in vegetarians: A clinical study
Abstract
Background/objectives Investigations about possible correlations between vegetarian diet and periodontal conditions are rare and characterized by small case numbers. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the influence of a vegetarian diet on periodontal parameters with an appropriate sample size.Subjects/methods A total of 200 patients, 100 vegetarians and 100 non-vegetarians, were included in the study. All patients were examined including a full mouth assessment of the periodontal and dental conditions. In addition, a questionnaire was handed out to ask for patients' oral hygiene habits and level of education. For statistical analysis the Mann-Whitney Test (χ(2) for analysis of the questionnaire) was applied (level of significance: P<0.05).Results Well known periodontal risk factors like age, gender and smoking habits were equally distributed within each group (71 females, 29 males, respectively and 10 smokers in each group; mean age: 41.45 years vegetarians versus 41.72 years non-vegetarians). Vegetarians had significantly lower probing pocket depths (P=0.039), bleeding on probing (P=0.001), periodontal screening index (P=0.012), a better hygiene index (P<0.001) and less mobile teeth (P=0.013). Dental examinations revealed significantly less missing teeth (P=0.018) but also more decayed (P=0.001) and eroded (P=0.026) teeth in vegetarians. Furthermore, vegetarians had a higher level of education (P<0.001), but visited dentists significantly less frequent.Conclusions Vegetarians revealed better periodontal conditions (less inflammation signs, less periodontal damage and a better dental home care). However, it should be considered that vegetarians are not only avoiding meat in their nutrition but are also characterized by an overall healthier life style.
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In the Staufenbiel study, vegetarian patients presented a higher level of education and healthier lifestyle than non-vegetarians.
“Moreover, the authors pointed out that the vegetarian patients presented a higher level of education and healthier lifestyle than the non-vegetarians [89].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
In a cross-sectional clinical study of 100 vegetarian subjects compared with 100 nonvegetarian individuals, the vegetarian group had significantly less pocket depth, less bleeding on probing, and better oral hygiene.
“A cross-sectional clinical study by Staufenbiel et al. evaluated the periodontal status of 100 vegetarian subjects compared with that of 100 nonvegetarian individuals. The findings indicated that the vegetarian group had significantly less pocket depth, less bleeding on probing, and better oral hygiene when compared with the nonvegetarian group.”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Staufenbiel, I., Weinspach, K., Förster, G., Geurtsen, W., & Günay, H.
- Affiliations
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Staufenbiel, I
- ORCID
- Staufenbiel, I
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2013-05-29
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 836-840
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2018692885
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Keywords
- vegetarian diet, periodontal condition, probing depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, tooth loss, dental caries, dental erosion, oral hygiene habits, dental care utilization, educational attainment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Educational Status, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Office Visits, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Diseases, Periodontal Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tooth Diseases, Diet, Vegetarian, Prevalence, Tooth Loss, Statistics, Nonparametric, Young Adult
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