Mastication effects on the glycaemic index: impact on variability and practical implications
Abstract
Glycaemic variability challenges the accuracy and use of the glycaemic index (GI). The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of mastication on GI. Using a randomized, controlled, crossover, non-blind design, 15 healthy young subjects returned on 5 separate days for three glucose and two rice test sessions. At the rice sessions, subjects chewed each mouthful either 15 or 30 times. Rice chewed 15 times produced a total glycaemic response (GR; 155 mmol min/l), peak GR (2.4 mmol/l) and GI (68) significantly lower than when chewed for longer (30 times) (184 mmol min/l, 2.8 mmol/l and 88, respectively). The study shows that the GI of rice is affected by the degree of mastication. Chewing 15 times compared with 30 times significantly attenuates the GI, suggesting that mastication may potentially contribute to the glycaemic variability of rice. While future work must establish the extent and limits to which mastication affects glycaemia, it could also explore the potential of using mastication to reduce the glycaemic load of rice.
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The effect of habitual mastication and the degree of particle size reduction on glucose responses of a single food has been investigated in previous studies.
“The effect of habitual mastication and the degree of particle size reduction on glucose responses of a single food has been investigated in previous studies [16,17,18].”
From Effect of Cold Storage and Reheating of Parboiled Rice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response, Satiety, Palatability and Chewed Particle Size Distribution (2017) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Ranawana, V, Leow, M. K.-S., & Henry, C. J. K.
- Affiliations
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SG)
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Ranawana, V
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2013-11-13
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 137-139
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2012025133
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- mastication, glycemic index, glycemic variability, rice, glucose tolerance, glycemic response, glycemic load
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Mastication, Oryza, Cross-Over Studies, Glycemic Index, Young Adult
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