The role of digestive factors in determining glycemic response in a multiethnic Asian population
Abstract
Purpose There are wide inter-individual differences in glycemic response (GR). We aimed to examine key digestive parameters that influence inter-individual and ethnic differences in GR in healthy Asian individuals. Methods Seventy-five healthy male subjects (25 Chinese, 25 Malays, and 25 Asian-Indians) were served equivalent available carbohydrate amounts (50 g) of jasmine rice (JR) and basmati rice (BR) on separate occasions. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations were measured at fasting (-5 and 0 min) and at 15- to 30-min interval over 180 min. Mastication parameters (number of chews per mouth and chewing time per mouthful), saliva α-amylase activity, AMY1 gene copy numbers and gastric emptying rate were measured to investigate their relationships with GR. Results The GR for jasmine rice was significantly higher than for basmati rice (P 0.05). Conclusion Mastication parameters contribute significantly to GR. Eating slowly and having larger food boluses before swallowing (less chewing), both potentially modifiable, may be beneficial in glycemic control.
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The extent of digestion, and thus the glycaemic response, are determined by the particle size of the food, the cooking method, the size of the mouthful, the extent of chewing and digestion that takes place in the mouth, and the physical and chemical properties of the starch.
“The extent of digestion, and thus the glycaemic response, are determined by the particle size of the food, the cooking method, the size of the mouthful, the extent of chewing and digestion that takes place in the mouth, and the physical and chemical properties of the starch [8,9].”
From Effect of Cold Storage and Reheating of Parboiled Rice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response, Satiety, Palatability and Chewed Particle Size Distribution (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
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freitas, D. D. S. R. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8e4fbaffz5dc4z4ffez9ae6zdead03f3409e
Bisht, A., & Lieder, B. (2026) · ACS Nutrition Science · doi:10.1021/acsnutrsci.6c00002
- Authors
- Tan, V. M. H., Ooi, D. S. Q., Kapur, J., Wu, T., Chan, Y. H., Henry, C. J., & Lee, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- National University Hospital (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Tan, Verena Ming Hui
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Nutrition
- Published
- 2015-07-10
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1573-1581
- ISSN
- 1436-6207 (ISSN-L)
- 1436-6215
- OpenAlex
- W784150498
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Digestive system and related health
- Keywords
- glycemic response, mastication, chewing time, salivary amylase, gastric emptying rate, rice, jasmine rice, basmati rice, postprandial blood glucose, interindividual variability, ethnic differences, Asian populations, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, China, Dietary Carbohydrates, Digestion, Gastric Emptying, Humans, India, Malaysia, Male, Mastication, Particle Size, Oryza, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Cross-Over Studies, Gene Dosage, Postprandial Period, Glycemic Index, Asian People, Adiposity, Waist Circumference, Salivary alpha-Amylases, Young Adult
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